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Questions and Answers
Which of the following medications specifically targets the genetic mutation associated with CF?
What is the primary purpose of giving pancreatic enzymes to children with CF?
What is the gold standard for diagnosing CF in newborns?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a non-pharmacological intervention for managing CF?
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When both parents are carriers, what is the likelihood of their child being born with CF?
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What is one of the potential complications observed after an adenoidectomy?
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Which factor is commonly associated with the need for a tonsillectomy?
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What dietary restrictions should be observed post-tonsillectomy?
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What is a critical indicator of potential bleeding after tonsillectomy?
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What is the typical setting for the surgery of a tonsillectomy?
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How is Acute Otitis Media commonly triggered?
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What is a primary surgical goal of performing an adenoidectomy?
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What is indicated by the observation of thick yellow discharge in post-operative care?
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What should be encouraged to maintain hydration post-tonsillectomy?
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What should patients particularly avoid in the diet immediately following a tonsillectomy?
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What is the primary purpose of gas exchange in the respiratory system?
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Which of the following clinical manifestations would most likely indicate an asthma exacerbation in a pediatric patient?
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In pediatric asthma management, which intervention is essential for the nurse when identifying triggers of asthma exacerbations?
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What role does the interdisciplinary team play in managing respiratory distress in pediatric patients?
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Which factor is most likely to increase the risk of respiratory illness complications in pediatric patients?
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What is the primary focus of emergent care for a pediatric patient experiencing anaphylaxis?
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How does oxygenation differ in pediatric patients compared to adults?
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Which of the following is an important nursing intervention when caring for a child with asthma?
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What is the primary indicator that an infant or toddler is in respiratory distress?
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Which oxygen delivery device is commonly used for infants requiring high flow oxygen?
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Which therapeutic method is designed to break up secretions in patients?
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What is the approximate percentage of oxygen found in room air?
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Which professionals are typically involved in interdisciplinary care for respiratory distress?
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What diagnostic tool requires the patient to blow into it to measure lung function?
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What is the primary purpose of chest physiotherapy (CPT)?
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Which of the following is NOT a method of suctioning mentioned?
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In terms of respiratory assessment, what typically indicates a need for team intervention?
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What is a primary function of pulse oximetry?
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What is the primary dysfunction caused by the CFTR gene in cystic fibrosis?
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What is the primary consequence of increased sweat electrolytes in cystic fibrosis?
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What is the most reliable method for diagnosing cystic fibrosis?
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Which of the following statements about the mucus in cystic fibrosis patients is true?
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What is one of the primary reasons for performing percussive treatments in cystic fibrosis?
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with cystic fibrosis?
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What impact does cystic fibrosis have on pancreatic function?
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Which of the following best defines cystic fibrosis as a genetic disease?
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What is a common misconception regarding the severity of cystic fibrosis?
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What is one of the goals when teaching about asthma exacerbation prevention?
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Study Notes
Gas Exchange and Oxygenation
- Gas exchange involves the movement of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream and carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the lungs.
- Oxygenation is the process of adding oxygen to the body's systems.
Interrelated Concepts
- Increased risk of respiratory illness and complications is associated with acid-base balance, nutrition, mobility, perfusion, inflammation, anxiety, and fatigue.
- Age and size of the patient play a role in respiratory illness and complications.
Pediatric vs Adult Oxygenation and Respiratory Systems
- Infants and toddlers often fight against assessment due to respiratory distress.
Oxygen and Inhalation Therapy
- Oxygen therapy can be delivered through various methods, including oxygen hood, nasal cannula, face mask, and high flow.
- Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) with spacers can help break up secretions.
- Chest physiotherapy (CPT) can aid in removing secretions.
- Suctioning (oral, nasal, and endotracheal) can clear airway obstructions.
Oxygen Delivery Devices
- Room air contains 21% oxygen.
- High-flow oxygen devices like vapaderm can be used for increased oxygenation.
Interdisciplinary Care In Respiratory Emergencies
- A team approach to care is essential, including practitioners, nurses, and respiratory therapists.
Diagnostic Tools
- Pulmonary function tests measure how well lungs are working, typically for children above 5 years old.
- Adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy are surgical procedures used to remove adenoids and tonsils, respectively.
Adenoidectomy Complications
- Potential complications include mouth odor, dehydration, infection, and chronic pharyngitis.
Tonsillectomy
- Tonsillectomy is often performed as outpatient surgery.
- Post-operative care includes avoiding dark or red fluids, citrus, and milk products.
- Excessive swallowing indicates potential bleeding.
Otitis Media
- Acute otitis media (AOM) is a complication of Eustachian tube dysfunction that often occurs during an upper respiratory tract infection.
Cystic Fibrosis
- Autosomal recessive genetic disease causing dysfunction of the transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein.
- This protein regulates hydration of epithelial cells in the lungs, digestive tract, sweat glands, and reproductive system.
- CFTR dysfunction leads to thick, sticky mucus build-up, causing mechanical obstruction in various organs.
- CF is a progressive illness with wide variation in severity.
- Newborn screening can detect early signs but isn't definitive.
Genetic Inheritance of CF
- Both parents must carry the CF gene for a child to inherit the disease.
- There is a 25% chance of a child being born with CF when both parents are carriers.
Increased Sweat Electrolytes
- CF causes increased sodium and chloride levels in sweat.
- Sweat chloride test is a gold standard for diagnosis.
Pathophysiology of CF
- Defective CFTR protein disrupts salt and water regulation in epithelial cells, leading to thick mucus.
- This thick mucus traps germs in the lungs, causing infections.
- Thick mucus also blocks pancreatic ducts, hindering enzyme delivery to the intestines, impacting digestion.
- Reproductive system can be affected by blocked fallopian tubes or decreased sperm production.
CF Management
- CPT vest is a non-pharmacological intervention aiding mucus clearance.
- Medication management includes bronchodilators, anticholinergics, DNase, hypertonic saline, mast-cell stabilisers, antibiotics, and digestive enzymes.
- Ivacaftor (Kalydeco) is a targeted therapy focusing on genetic mutations and is crucial for disease management.
Family Teaching for CF Care
- Emphasize the importance of infection prevention, maintaining good nutrition, and complying with therapies.
CF Knowledge Check
- CF affects the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and integumentary systems.
- Newborn screening, followed by a sweat test, is the gold standard for diagnosis.
- Non-pharmacological interventions include CPT vest and active lifestyle.
Pediatric Respiratory Emergencies
- Many respiratory conditions can progress to respiratory distress.
- Respiratory failure occurs when the body's gas exchange is compromised.
- Early intervention is crucial to prevent respiratory failure.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of gas exchange and oxygenation in this quiz. Understand the differences in respiratory systems between pediatric and adult patients, as well as the methods of oxygen delivery and therapies available. Test your knowledge on factors influencing respiratory health and the importance of assessment in different age groups.
