29 Questions
Which layer of the heart is responsible for contracting and pumping blood?
Myocardium
Which layer of the heart provides a smooth surface for blood flow and prevents abnormal clotting?
Endocardium
Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation?
Right ventricle
Which of the following statements about the coronary circuit is correct?
The coronary circuit supplies oxygenated blood to the myocardium itself.
Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle contraction is correct?
Cardiac muscle contracts involuntarily, synchronously, and continuously without fatiguing.
Which of the following components of the conduction system initiates each heartbeat and acts as the natural pacemaker?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Which of the following represents ventricular repolarization in a normal electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing?
T wave
Which of the following is the primary function of Type I cells in the alveolar wall?
Facilitate gas exchange
What is the primary form in which oxygen is carried in the blood?
Bound to hemoglobin
Which of the following best describes dyspnea?
Difficulty or discomfort in breathing
Where is the respiratory center of the brain located?
Medulla oblongata
Which of the following is true about the QT interval?
It indicates the total time for ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
What can be indicated by T-wave inversion or ST-segment depression on an ECG tracing?
Ischemia
Which heart sound is caused by the closure of the semilunar valves?
S2
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume / Heart Rate
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can contribute to increased peripheral resistance?
Vasodilation
Which of the following is true about blood pressure in the circulatory system?
Blood pressure is highest in arteries
Which of the following is NOT a short-term neural control of blood pressure?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Which of the following is the correct formula to calculate Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
MAP = (2 x diastolic + systolic) / 3
Which hormone promotes water reabsorption by the kidneys?
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
What is the definition of hypertension?
Persistently high blood pressure
What is the main function of the conducting zone in the respiratory system?
Warming, humidifying, and cleansing incoming air
What is the function of the uvula in the respiratory system?
Prevents food and liquid from entering the nasal cavity
Which of the following correctly describes the flow of blood in pulmonary circulation?
Right ventricle → pulmonary artery → alveolar capillaries → pulmonary veins → left atrium
Which of the following correctly describes the flow of blood in systemic circulation?
Left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins → right atrium
Which of the following correctly describes the location and position of the heart in the thoracic cavity?
The heart is centrally located within the thoracic cavity, in a region known as the mediastinum.
Which one of these accurately describes the function of the valves in the heart?
The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and ensure unidirectional flow.
Which one of these accurately describes the flow of blood in pulmonary circulation?
Right ventricle → pulmonary artery → alveolar capillaries → pulmonary veins → left atrium
Which one of these accurately describes the location and position of the heart in the thoracic cavity?
The heart is centrally located within the thoracic cavity, in a region known as the mediastinum.
Test your knowledge on the cells involved in gas exchange and the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. Learn about the functions of Type I and Type II cells in the alveoli, as well as the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin molecules.
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