Gas Diffusion and Evaporation Quiz

The movement of water molecules from a liquid to a gaseous state, driven by the difference in partial pressure of water.

The pressure exerted by a specific gas within a mixture of gases.

Evaporation occurs when the partial pressure of water in a solution is higher than in the surrounding atmosphere.

Evaporation happens faster when the difference in partial pressure between the solution and the atmosphere is greater.

The maximum amount of water vapor that air can hold at a given temperature.

Air that has reached its maximum capacity for water vapor. It cannot hold any more.

The movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

The pressure exerted by water vapor in the air.

The evaporation rate increases with the difference in water vapor pressure between the solution and the air.

Evaporation occurs when the water vapor pressure of a solution exceeds the water vapor pressure of the air.

The process where excess water vapor in the air condenses into liquid water droplets.

Water vapor pressure in an aqueous solution can be reduced by the presence of dissolved solutes, such as salts.

The process by which animals maintain a stable internal environment, including the concentration of solutes in their body fluids.

The ratio of the osmotic pressure of urine to the osmotic pressure of blood plasma

Urine that is less concentrated than blood plasma.

Urine that is more concentrated than blood plasma.

A solution with a higher osmotic pressure than another solution.

A solution with a lower osmotic pressure than another solution.

The ability of a body fluid to maintain a stable osmotic pressure, even when faced with changes in the external environment.

Kidneys are organs that filter blood plasma to produce urine, which helps regulate the composition of blood.

The ratio of the concentration of a solute in the urine to the concentration of the solute in the plasma.

The ability of the kidneys to produce urine with a different osmotic concentration than the blood plasma.

The ratio of the concentration of an ion in the urine to the concentration of the ion in the plasma.

When the kidneys excrete urine with a higher concentration of a specific ion than the plasma, the concentration of that ion in the blood is lowered.

When the kidneys excrete urine with a lower concentration of a specific ion than the plasma, the concentration of that ion in the blood is raised.

The kidneys can regulate the concentration of ions in the blood even when they are not actively regulating the overall osmotic pressure of the blood.

The ability to produce urine with a higher solute concentration than the blood plasma.

The kidneys regulate the amount of water in an animal's body by producing more or less urine as needed.

When an animal produces urine with the same osmotic pressure as its blood plasma.

The kidneys of marine bony fish play a crucial role in regulating the concentration of specific ions, like magnesium, sulfate, and calcium, which they tend to gain from the surrounding seawater.

A situation where an animal's body fluids have a lower osmotic pressure than the surrounding environment.

A situation where an animal's body fluids have a higher osmotic pressure than the surrounding environment.

Marine bony fish are hyposmotic to their surrounding seawater, meaning they lose water to the environment but gain ions. They produce isosmotic urine, which doesn't help with osmotic regulation, but plays a crucial role in regulating specific ions.

Human kidneys can't excrete chloride (Cl-) at the same concentration found in seawater, leading to dehydration if ingested.

Animals that can excrete salts at higher concentrations than humans can gain water by drinking salty solutions.

Herbivores eating plants with salty tissue fluids face challenges in keeping their water balance.

In mammals, protein metabolism generates nitrogenous waste (urea) that requires a significant amount of water for excretion.

The amount of water needed to excrete urea depends on the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine.

The process of breaking down proteins produces nitrogenous waste, which leads to increased water loss during excretion.

Animals often adjust food intake, like feeding at night or storing food, to minimize water loss.

Breaking down carbohydrates and lipids mainly produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), contributing to an animal's water supply.