Recent

  • Show all results for ""
quiz image
By @ev

Chapter 4 Pt. 1 Militarization

ContrastySandDune avatar
ContrastySandDune
·
·
Download

Start Quiz

Study Flashcards

Study Flashcards Play Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is Cooper's professional background?

He was a Washington, D.C. police officer and is now a JD/PhD at a university in Iceland

What approach did Cooper take in his article on the militarization of the police?

He began with an assertion based on an earlier paper by Balko

What did Cooper assert about the relationship between militarization and community policing?

Militarization has replaced community policing in many parts of the United States

What was the title of the earlier paper by Balko that Cooper based his assertions on?

<p>'Overkill: The Rise of Paramilitary Police Raids in America'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average number of SWAT officers per department?

<p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of SWAT teams spent between 8-20 hours per month on training?

<p>81%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Cooper argue regarding SWAT team uniforms?

<p>They have not been replaced with camouflage for all patrol officers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Cooper contend about patrol cars?

<p>&quot;Armored personnel carriers and even tanks&quot; are often used as rescue vehicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of SWAT team training is in-house?

<p>98%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Cooper claim about police departments creating 'military rule'?

<p>Police departments have not created 'military rule' and officers are not given automatic weapons or tanks without proper training</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Cooper argue about young men joining the police force?

<p>Young men join the police to prove machismo, which is not supported by evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Cooper, what has the militarization of the police led to?

<p>Destructive and war mentality among officers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the militarization of police in the early 1900s according to Klockers?

<p>Establish discipline and remove politicians from day-to-day operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Klein, how has the police occupation been historically characterized?

<p>As a paramilitary occupation with uniforms, weapons, and a chain of command</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Wilson, what are the three styles of policing he identified?

<p>Service, watchman, and legalistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of police roles identified by Broderick?

<p>Enforcer, idealist, realist, and optimist</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Cooper's claim, what have U.S. police departments moved from?

<p>Community-oriented policing to a military approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the results of Chicago's community policing program CAPS according to Bowean?

<p>Uneven results</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Chicago do in 2012 to address violence according to Gorner?

<p>Gave a $1 million grant to the anti-violence group Ceasefire to mediate disputes and provide social services</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Chicago do in 2013 to build trust in the community according to Levy?

<p>Assigned 59 new police academy graduates to high-crime districts to build trust in the community and reduce crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Chicago Police Department do in 2013 to address violent crimes according to Bowean?

<p>Assigned up to 400 officers to small 'impact zones' in an effort to address violent crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the police strategy in the small zones?

<p>To reduce retaliatory gang shootings through comprehensive analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of each zone in the police strategy?

<p>About five or six square blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'heat list' based on?

<p>Computer analysis of various risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the police strategy have on the homicide rate in 2013?

<p>It fell by 34 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals on the 'strategic subject list' were linked to homicide or non-fatal shooting victims?

<p>78 percent and 84 percent respectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the cost of overtime for police services in 2013?

<p>$103 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of all police departments according to the text?

<p>Preventive patrol and responding to citizen calls</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the number of homicides in Chicago in 2016?

<p>762</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the number of people shot in Chicago in 2014?

<p>2,599</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was indicted for murder after a video was released showing an officer shooting a suspect?

<p>The officer who shot the suspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many SWAT raids were estimated to occur each year according to Kraska's article?

<p>45,000 raids each year</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method that officers prefer to use to gain compliance from individuals?

<p>Verbal communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Cooper criticize officers for wearing?

<p>Mirrored sunglasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Cooper express concern about regarding officers' courage and physical fitness?

<p>Officers being replaced by fearful men using non-lethal weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are batons primarily used as in police work?

<p>Impact weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is historically one of the limited options for police when dealing with a resistant or threatening individual?

<p>'Hands on'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is described as the main purpose of police work in the text?

<p>Gaining compliance or controlling situations without force</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Cooper describe himself as in dangerous neighborhoods?

<p>A 'street cop'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Cooper criticize officers for potentially being replaced by?

<p>Fearful men using non-lethal weapons like Tasers and pepper spray</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Cooper imply about the use of mirrored sunglasses by officers?

<p>It may indicate fear but could have various reasons for wearing them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mentioned as a reason for officers wearing mirrored sunglasses in the text?

<p>Various reasons including practical purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the concerns expressed by Cooper regarding police officers' physical fitness?

<p>Officers being replaced by fearful men using non-lethal weapons like Tasers and pepper spray</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of encounters did NYC patrol officers use force in, according to the text?

<p>0.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Cooper criticize officers for wearing?

<p>Mirrored sunglasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Cooper express concern about regarding officers' use of weapons?

<p>Courage and physical fitness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are batons according to the text?

<p>Impact weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical context of officers' options when dealing with a resistant or threatening individual?

<p>'Hands on,' use a baton, or pull a gun</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the preference of officers when dealing with individuals?

<p>Verbal manipulation to comply with orders</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Cooper's professional background according to the text?

<p>A former officer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for wearing sunglasses as per the text?

<p>Various reasons including protection from sun glare and dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the use of firearms by NYC patrol officers?

<p>Firearms were used in only 5 out of 1,762 incidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical context of police options when dealing with a resistant individual?

<p>'Hands-on,' use a baton, or pull a gun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text what is the primary function of all police departments?

<p>To enforce the law and maintain public order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

  • Cooper argues that the militarization of the police has led to a destructive and war mentality among officers (p. 4)

  • Militarization of police was a reform in the early 1900s to establish discipline and remove politicians from day-to-day operations (Klockers, 1988, p. 243)

  • Police have always been a paramilitary occupation with uniforms, weapons, and a chain of command (Klein, 2005a, p. 9)

  • Wilson identified three styles of policing: service, watchman, and legalistic (1968)

    • Service style focuses on controlling unruly teens and maintaining high-visibility patrol in homogeneous middle-class communities
    • Watchman style focuses on ignoring minor crimes and being tough on serious ones
    • Legalistic style emphasizes high arrest and ticketing rates to reduce public suspicion of corruption

  • Broderick identified four types of police roles: enforcer, idealist, realist, and optimist (1977)

  • Cooper claims that U.S. police departments have moved from community-oriented policing to a military approach

  • Chicago's community policing program, CAPS, has had uneven results (Bowean, 2013)

  • Chicago gave a $1 million grant to the anti-violence group, Ceasefire, in 2012 to mediate disputes and provide social services (Gorner, 2012)

  • Chicago assigned 59 new police academy graduates to high-crime districts in 2013 to build trust in the community and reduce crime (Levy, 2013; Gorner, 2013a)

  • Chicago Police Department assigned up to 400 officers to 20 small "impact zones" in 2013 to address 20% of the city's violent crimes (Bowean, 2013)

  • Police work involves gaining compliance or controlling situations, often without the use of force (Bittner, 1978; Klein, 2005b; Barker, 1999).

  • One study found that NYC patrol officers used force in only one-tenth of 1% of encounters, with firearms used in only 5 out of 1,762 incidents (Geller and Scott, 1992).

  • Cooper, a former officer, criticized officers for wearing mirrored sunglasses, implying they were scared, but this may not be the case, as sunglasses are worn for various reasons (Cooper, p. 15).

  • Cooper described himself as a "street cop" in dangerous neighborhoods, but it's unclear how he obtained "countless" weapons from individuals, or if he was involved in numerous shootouts (Cooper, p. 15).

  • Cooper expressed concern about courage and physical fitness among officers, suggesting that officers have been replaced by fearful men using non-lethal weapons like Tasers and pepper spray (Cooper, p. 7).

  • Historically, officers had limited options when dealing with a resistant or threatening individual: go "hands on," use a baton, or pull a gun (Sims, personal communication, 2000).

  • Batons are impact weapons that can cause serious injury or death. There are various types, including metal, wood, and plastic batons (Sims, personal communication, 2000).

  • Officers prefer to verbally manipulate individuals to comply with their orders, rather than resorting to physical force (Sims, personal communication, 2000).

  • The text mentions that police work is not a war but a job and that officers have to pass a physical fitness test when they are hired, and they gain weight and lose agility over time (Sims, personal communication, 2000).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Get started for free
Quiz Team

More Quizzes Like This

Community-Based Crime Prevention Programs
9 questions

Community-Based Crime Prevention Programs

PromisedBowenite avatar
PromisedBowenite
Stockwell Park Estate: Notorious Gang Crime History
5 questions

Stockwell Park Estate: Notorious Gang Crime History

TopQualityBalalaika avatar
TopQualityBalalaika
Crime Prevention Programs
16 questions

Crime Prevention Programs

ReplaceableBoolean avatar
ReplaceableBoolean
Crime Prevention Approaches and Models
10 questions

Crime Prevention Approaches and Models

EnchantingFuchsia avatar
EnchantingFuchsia
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser