Gandhi and the Indian Independence Movement
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Questions and Answers

What was the main aim of the Khilafat Movement initiated alongside non-cooperation?

  • To oppose British land revenue policies
  • To restore the caliphate after World War I (correct)
  • To increase tax collection for Indian farmers
  • To establish a Hindu-only governance in India

Which action was NOT taken by the Indian public in response to Gandhiji's appeal for non-cooperation?

  • Boycotting British-run schools
  • Burning foreign clothes
  • Participating in British military activities (correct)
  • Striking from work

How did the Khilafat Movement contribute to the national movement in India?

  • It caused internal conflicts among various communities
  • It isolated Indian Muslims from the freedom struggle
  • It focused solely on economic reforms
  • It united Hindus and Muslims under a common cause (correct)

What motivated Gandhiji to declare the non-cooperation movement?

<p>The Rowlatt Act limiting civil rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group in society was not directly encouraged by Gandhiji's non-cooperation movement?

<p>Colonial officials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant action taken by the farmers in Awadh in response to non-cooperation?

<p>Refusing to pay taxes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key result of the anti-Rowlatt protests led by Gandhiji?

<p>It intensified protests at the national level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was emphasized by Gandhiji as part of his constructive programmes during the non-cooperation movement?

<p>Spinning khadi cloth using charka (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Khilafat Movement?

<p>To limit the power of the Khalifa in Turkey (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who played a key role in intensifying the activities of the Khilafat Movement?

<p>Maulana Mohamad Ali and Maulana Shoukath Ali (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Gandhi contribute to the Khilafat Movement?

<p>By traveling across India with Khilafat leaders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major impact of the Khilafat Movement on Indian society?

<p>It led to heightened anti-British sentiments among the population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress in 1929 declare as the ultimate aim?

<p>Complete freedom (Poorna Swaraj) for the country (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT one of the proposed actions by Gandhi during the Civil Disobedience movement?

<p>To implement land reforms for farmers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the salt tax chosen as a focal point for protest during the Civil Disobedience movement?

<p>It was a symbol of British economic oppression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Khilafat Movement influence Hindu-Muslim relations in India?

<p>It encouraged collaboration and unity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Swaraj Party formed by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru in 1923?

<p>To use legislative assemblies for political engagement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which revolutionary organization was formed in 1928 that included figures like Bhagat Singh and Chandra Sekhar Azad?

<p>Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Chauri Chaura incident that affected the non-cooperation movement?

<p>It caused Gandhi to withdraw the non-cooperation movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Subhash Chandra Bose expressed resentment over Gandhi's decision to withdraw which movement?

<p>The Non-Cooperation Movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the motive behind the armed actions of Bhagat Singh and his associates?

<p>To overthrow the colonial government through military action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the leaders involved in the assassination of police officer Saunders?

<p>Bhagat Singh, Raj Guru, and Sukh Dev (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The form of protest conducted by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt at the Central Legislative Assembly involved:

<p>Throwing bombs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the growing unrest in India by the end of 1942 signify in relation to independence?

<p>An indication of popular dissatisfaction with British government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Khilafat Movement

A worldwide protest against Britain's attempt to limit the power of the Khalifa, a spiritual leader of Muslims.

Poorna Swaraj

Complete independence for India.

Civil Disobedience

Disobeying unjust laws of British government.

Salt Tax

A heavy tax on salt imposed by the British.

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Gandhi's Civil Disobedience Actions

Proposed actions aimed at addressing British policies, including lifting salt tax and releasing political prisoners.

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Importance of Salt as a Weapon

Salt tax was a significant burden on the poor, and the British outlawed small-scale salt production, leading to a three-fold price increase.

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Hindu-Muslim Unity

Increased cooperation and solidarity between Hindus and Muslims.

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National Educational Institutions

Educational institutes established aiming to promote Indian culture and education.

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Rowlatt Act

British law that limited civil rights, allowing arrests without trial.

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Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

A 1919 event where British troops shot unarmed protesters, causing many deaths.

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Non-cooperation Movement

Gandhi's first national movement; a protest against British rule.

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Gandhi's leadership

Gandhiji's appeal united people across society, leading national movements.

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National Movement Spread

National movement expanded from cities to include rural areas.

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Rowlatt Act Protest

Gandhiji's initial protest against the Rowlatt Act, which sparked wider movements.

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Jallianwala Bagh Protests

Protests at Jallianwala Bagh against the arrest. It was a trigger in the national movement.

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Constructive programmes

Gandhiji's programs promoting self-reliance and Indian products (e.g., Khadi).

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Quit India Movement

A mass movement calling for British withdrawal from India, launched in 1942, marked by widespread protests and unrest.

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Chauri Chaura Incident

A violent clash between protesters and police in 1922, leading to Gandhi's decision to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement.

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Subhash Chandra Bose

A prominent Indian nationalist leader who disagreed with Gandhi's approach, forming the Forward Bloc and seeking support from Axis powers.

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Swaraj Party

A political party formed in 1923, advocating for participation in legislative assemblies, opposing the boycott movement.

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Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)

A revolutionary organization formed in 1928, aiming for an independent India through armed revolution.

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Bhagat Singh

A prominent revolutionary activist, known for his involvement in the HSRA, the Lahore Conspiracy, and protests at the Central Legislative Assembly.

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Republican Army

The military wing of the HSRA, designed for armed struggle against British rule.

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Lahore Conspiracy

An assassination attempt by Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev on J.P. Saunders, a police officer responsible for the lathi charge that led to Lala Lajpat Rai's death.

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Study Notes

Struggle and Freedom

  • Gandhi's involvement in the Champaran indigo farmers' protest in 1917 was detailed in his autobiography.
  • He gained the trust and recognition of the common people of India due to his social work.
  • His South African life and methods of nonviolent struggle influenced his Indian activism.
  • Gandhi's struggles in India included Champaran, the Ahmedabad cotton mill strike, and the Kheda peasant struggle.
  • The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 intensified national protests against British rule.
  • The massacre at Jallianwala Bagh was a significant turning point in the Indian independence movement, seen as a catalyst for non-cooperation.
  • The Khilafat Movement, a pan-Indian movement, aimed to support the Turkish Sultan.
  • Gandhi's non-cooperation movement involved boycotting British institutions, products, and taxes.
  • The movement led to the establishment of educational institutions and promoted Khadi production.
  • The Quit India Movement was a powerful mass movement and a response to British policies.
  • This movement was also based on Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence (Ahimsa).
  • The Round Table Conferences were convened in 1930, 1931, and 1932 to address administrative reforms in India.

Alternative Paths

  • Subhas Chandra Bose disagreed with Gandhi's approach and formed the Forward Bloc.
  • The Forward Bloc advocated an alternative path to Indian independence.
  • Other movements, such as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association led by individuals like Bhagat Singh and Sukh Dev, sought complete independence through revolutionary means.
  • These movements aimed to attain freedom from British colonial rule.

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Struggle and Freedom PDF

Description

Explore the pivotal roles played by Gandhi in the Indian independence struggle, focusing on key events like the Champaran protest, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Quit India Movement. This quiz delves into Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolent resistance and the socio-political impact of his actions on India's freedom movement.

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