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Questions and Answers
What region is Gandhara art named after?
What region is Gandhara art named after?
Which art style influenced Gandhara art?
Which art style influenced Gandhara art?
What characterized the Gandhara school of art?
What characterized the Gandhara school of art?
What does Nationalism mean?
What does Nationalism mean?
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What historical period saw the rise of nationalism in British India?
What historical period saw the rise of nationalism in British India?
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Why did Nationalism in the Subcontinent gain momentum?
Why did Nationalism in the Subcontinent gain momentum?
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What is the definition of colonialism according to the Oxford Dictionary?
What is the definition of colonialism according to the Oxford Dictionary?
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Which country's sea power shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic due to key discoveries in the 15th century?
Which country's sea power shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic due to key discoveries in the 15th century?
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When did the age of modern colonialism begin?
When did the age of modern colonialism begin?
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What characterized the British East India Company's conquest of much of India in the 18th century?
What characterized the British East India Company's conquest of much of India in the 18th century?
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How did European nations spread their influence during the age of modern colonialism?
How did European nations spread their influence during the age of modern colonialism?
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What was the primary motive behind British colonization of India during the 18th century?
What was the primary motive behind British colonization of India during the 18th century?
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What was one of the outcomes of the 1857 Indian Rebellion, despite the Indian defeat and British victory?
What was one of the outcomes of the 1857 Indian Rebellion, despite the Indian defeat and British victory?
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Why is the 1857 episode often regarded as a wake-up call for Indians?
Why is the 1857 episode often regarded as a wake-up call for Indians?
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What was a core attribute of the Aligarh Movement as a Muslim reformation movement?
What was a core attribute of the Aligarh Movement as a Muslim reformation movement?
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Which movement focused on a return to orthodox Islamic teachings and principles?
Which movement focused on a return to orthodox Islamic teachings and principles?
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Why did Indians opt for reformation movements instead of a revolution during the 1857-1905 period?
Why did Indians opt for reformation movements instead of a revolution during the 1857-1905 period?
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Which movement better contributed to Muslim reformation and the freedom struggle according to the text?
Which movement better contributed to Muslim reformation and the freedom struggle according to the text?
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What is one of the benefits of federalism mentioned in the text?
What is one of the benefits of federalism mentioned in the text?
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Which branch of government in Pakistan includes the president, senate, and national assembly?
Which branch of government in Pakistan includes the president, senate, and national assembly?
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What is the purpose of law mentioned in the text?
What is the purpose of law mentioned in the text?
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Who is the head of the executive government in Pakistan?
Who is the head of the executive government in Pakistan?
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How are laws made in Pakistan according to the text?
How are laws made in Pakistan according to the text?
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Which court system in Pakistan includes the supreme court, federal court, and provincial & high courts?
Which court system in Pakistan includes the supreme court, federal court, and provincial & high courts?
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How many judges are fixed along with the Chief Justice in the Court mentioned in the text?
How many judges are fixed along with the Chief Justice in the Court mentioned in the text?
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What is the fixed number of judges in the High Court of Sindh?
What is the fixed number of judges in the High Court of Sindh?
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Which court is responsible for handling both civil and criminal jurisdiction in every district of each province?
Which court is responsible for handling both civil and criminal jurisdiction in every district of each province?
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In which court are executive matters brought before the relevant judge?
In which court are executive matters brought before the relevant judge?
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What is the Islamabad High Court's fixed number of judges according to the text?
What is the Islamabad High Court's fixed number of judges according to the text?
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Which court is known as the lower house of the Federal Parliament in Pakistan?
Which court is known as the lower house of the Federal Parliament in Pakistan?
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Study Notes
Gandhara Art
- Named after the region of Gandhara in modern-day Pakistan
- Presents some of the earliest images of the Buddha
- Influenced by 2nd-century Hellenistic art
- Highly influential in Central and Eastern Asia
- Also known as the Greco-Buddhist school of art
Nationalism
- Defined as a sense of loyalty and devotion expressed by a group of like-minded people with similar culture, history, ideology, and aspirations
- Has both uniting and dividing tendencies
- Nationalism in the Subcontinent:
- Emerged as a response to political persecution, economic hardship, cultural and social degradation, and racism under British rule in India
- Gained momentum post-Mutiny Era in the mid-19th century
British Colonialism in India
- Began in the 1750s and lasted until 1947
- Defined as a policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically
- Characterized by the subjugation of one people by another
- Led to the rise of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Muslim Reformation Movements (1857-1890s)
- Aligarh Movement:
- Core attributes include modernization, Westernization, and religious reform
- Aimed to educate Muslims in modern subjects and promote Western-style education
- Deoband Movement:
- Core attributes include Islamic reform, purification, and revival
- Focused on reforming Islamic education and promoting Islamic values
- Both movements contributed to the cause of Muslim reformation and the subsequent freedom struggle
Government of Pakistan Structure
- Executive Government:
- Prime Minister
- Federal Cabinet
- Parliament:
- President
- Senate
- National Assembly
- Judicial System:
- Supreme Court
- Federal Court
- Provincial and High Courts
- City Courts
- Mohtasib
Law and Judicial System of Pakistan
- Defined as a system of rules enforced through social institutions to govern behavior
- Purposes of Law:
- Satisfaction for victims
- Deterrent to discourage others from acting in a way considered detrimental to society
- Prevention of vigilantism and mob justice
- The Court consists of a Chief Justice and 16 judges, appointed by the President
- High Courts exist in each province and the Islamabad Capital Territory
- District and Sessions Courts:
- Exist in every district of each province
- Have civil and criminal jurisdiction
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Description
Test your knowledge about Gandhara art, named after the region in Pakistan, which presents early images of Buddha influenced by Hellenistic art. Learn about its rise in the 1st to 5th century, decline after Muslim conquests, and impact in Central and Eastern Asia.
