Gandhara Art and its Influence Quiz

Gandhara Art

• Named after the region of Gandhara in modern-day Pakistan
• Presents some of the earliest images of the Buddha
• Influenced by 2nd-century Hellenistic art
• Highly influential in Central and Eastern Asia
• Also known as the Greco-Buddhist school of art

Nationalism

• Defined as a sense of loyalty and devotion expressed by a group of like-minded people with similar culture, history, ideology, and aspirations
• Has both uniting and dividing tendencies
• Nationalism in the Subcontinent:
  • Emerged as a response to political persecution, economic hardship, cultural and social degradation, and racism under British rule in India
  • Gained momentum post-Mutiny Era in the mid-19th century

British Colonialism in India

• Began in the 1750s and lasted until 1947
• Defined as a policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically
• Characterized by the subjugation of one people by another
• Led to the rise of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Muslim Reformation Movements (1857-1890s)

• Aligarh Movement:
  • Core attributes include modernization, Westernization, and religious reform
  • Aimed to educate Muslims in modern subjects and promote Western-style education
• Deoband Movement:
  • Core attributes include Islamic reform, purification, and revival
  • Focused on reforming Islamic education and promoting Islamic values
• Both movements contributed to the cause of Muslim reformation and the subsequent freedom struggle

Government of Pakistan Structure

• Executive Government:
  • Prime Minister
  • Federal Cabinet
• Parliament:
  • President
  • Senate
  • National Assembly
• Judicial System:
  • Supreme Court
  • Federal Court
  • Provincial and High Courts
  • City Courts
  • Mohtasib

Law and Judicial System of Pakistan

• Defined as a system of rules enforced through social institutions to govern behavior
• Purposes of Law:
  • Satisfaction for victims
  • Deterrent to discourage others from acting in a way considered detrimental to society
  • Prevention of vigilantism and mob justice
• The Court consists of a Chief Justice and 16 judges, appointed by the President
• High Courts exist in each province and the Islamabad Capital Territory
• District and Sessions Courts:
  • Exist in every district of each province
  • Have civil and criminal jurisdiction

Test your knowledge about Gandhara art, named after the region in Pakistan, which presents early images of Buddha influenced by Hellenistic art. Learn about its rise in the 1st to 5th century, decline after Muslim conquests, and impact in Central and Eastern Asia.