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Gammaproteobacteria Overview
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Gammaproteobacteria Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which Escherichia strain is known for causing urinary tract infections in women?

  • E. coli (correct)
  • E. faecalis
  • E. aerogenes
  • E. cloacae

    • What type of fermentation is associated with Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, and Proteus?

  • Ethanol fermentation
  • Butanediol fermentation
  • Lactic acid fermentation
  • Mixed-acid fermentation (correct)

    • Which pathogen is responsible for cholera in humans?

  • Vibrio cholerae (correct)
  • Vibrio vulnificus
  • Vibrio parahaemolyticus
  • Vibrio fischeri

    • What is a common characteristic of the genus Pseudomonas?

    <p>Ability to utilize diverse carbon sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genus is noted for causing plant diseases and includes species like P. syringae?

    <p>Pseudomonas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Bacteria are facultative aerobes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common environment for Klebsiella pneumoniae?

    <p>Soil and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a property of Serratia?

    <p>Produces a red pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Alphaproteobacteria in the Order Rickettsiales?

    <p>They are obligate intracellular parasites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is caused by a Rickettsia species?

    <p>Rocky Mountain spotted fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do ticks, fleas, lice, and mites play in the life cycle of Rickettsia?

    <p>They act as vectors for transmitting Rickettsia to humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary habitat of the most abundant bacterial species on Earth?

    <p>Ocean photic zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has Wolbachia not been successfully cultured outside of host cells?

    <p>It relies on host cells for obtaining essential metabolites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following effects can Wolbachia induce in insects?

    <p>Parthenogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the replication process of Rickettsia?

    <p>Replication occurs in the cytoplasm and eventually leads to host cell lysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fermentation pattern produces significant amounts of acetic, lactic, and succinic acids?

    <p>Mixed-acid fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true regarding Rickettsia's metabolic capabilities?

    <p>It requires host-derived metabolites due to its inability to synthesize certain compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic shapes of bacteria in the class Gammaproteobacteria Order Enterobacteriales?

    <p>Rod-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genera is NOT classified under Enterobacteriales?

    <p>Staphylococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests is used to differentiate enteric bacteria based on their enzymatic characteristics?

    <p>Oxidase test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 2,3-butanediol fermentation, which of the following is primarily produced?

    <p>Butanediol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is classified under the mixed-acid fermenters?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria type shows peritrichous flagella and is motile?

    <p>Salmonella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria primarily exhibits facultative aerobic and nonsporulating characteristics?

    <p>Enterobacter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class includes genera that are primarily obligately anaerobic fermenters?

    <p>Bacteroidota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motility is common in members of the Bacteroidota phylum?

    <p>Gliding motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genus is primarily associated with causing acute gastroenteritis and bloody diarrhea?

    <p>Campylobacter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which order is characterized by bacteria that act as predators and degrade complex polysaccharides?

    <p>Cytophagales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Helicobacter pylori?

    <p>It causes chronic and acute gastritis as well as peptic ulcers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Members of which class primarily oxidize H2S and play important ecological roles?

    <p>Epsilonproteobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary metabolic characteristic of bacteria in the Flavobacteriales and Sphingobacteriales orders?

    <p>Typically aerobic and facultatively aerobic chemoorganotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding Desulfovibrionales?

    <p>They are metal reducers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is notable about Cytophaga, a genus within the Cytophagales order?

    <p>They degrade complex polysaccharides such as cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Bacteroides species?

    <p>They are normal commensals in the human intestinal tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with Proteobacteria?

    <p>High nutrient requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of the Alphaproteobacteria class?

    <p>Obligate aerobes or facultative aerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genera is NOT part of the Rhizobiales order within Alphaproteobacteria?

    <p>Bartonella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many classes are identified under the phylum Proteobacteria?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is known for causing crown gall disease?

    <p>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of bacteria is primarily characterized as oligotrophic?

    <p>Alphaproteobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of the majority of species within the class Alphaproteobacteria?

    <p>They can grow under oligotrophic conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of transposons in the context of Agrobacterium tumefaciens' plasmids?

    <p>They facilitate gall formation genes that are unrelated to nodule genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gammaproteobacteria Overview

    • Comprises diverse group of bacteria, primarily Gram-negative.
    • Divided into several orders including Enterobacteriales, Pseudomonadales, and Vibrionales.
    • Key genera include Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, and Pseudomonas.

    Order: Enterobacteriales

    • Mixed-acid fermenters: Include Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, and Proteus.

    • Escherichia: Universal in intestinal tracts, synthesizes vitamin K, some strains pathogenic (e.g., urinary tract infections).

    • Salmonella & Shigella: Primarily pathogenic, causes typhoid fever (Salmonella) and dysentery (Shigella).

    • Proteus: Known for swarming motility, common in urinary tract infections.

    • Butanediol fermenters: Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia.

    • Enterobacter aerogenes: Found in water and sewage, can cause urinary tract infections.

    • Klebsiella pneumoniae: Can cause pneumonia, found in soil, some nitrogen-fixing strains.

    • Serratia marcescens: Produces pigments, may cause infections.

    Order: Pseudomonadales

    • Key genera: Pseudomonas, known for metabolic versatility.
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Associated with urinary and respiratory diseases.
    • Can use various organic compounds, some species are plant pathogens.

    Order: Vibrionales

    • Key genera: Vibrio, facultatively aerobic and mostly aquatic.
    • Vibrio cholerae: Causative agent of cholera in humans.
    • Notable for bioluminescent capabilities.

    Phylum: Proteobacteria

    • Largest and most studied phylum with high metabolic diversity.
    • Divided into six classes: Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, and Zeta.

    Class: Alphaproteobacteria

    • Nearly 1000 species, many are obligate aerobes or facultative aerobes, often oligotrophic.
    • Order Rhizobiales: Includes genera like Rhizobium (nitrogen-fixing) and Agrobacterium (crown gall disease).
    • Methylobacterium: Pink-pigmented, found in diverse ecosystems.
    • Bartonella: Intracellular pathogens requiring arthropod vectors.

    Class: Deltaproteobacteria

    • Includes bacterial predators like Bdellovibrio and Myxococcus.
    • Metal and sulfur reducers play roles in biogeochemical cycles.

    Class: Epsilonproteobacteria

    • Important for sulfur oxidation, includes notorious pathogens like Campylobacter (gastroenteritis) and Helicobacter (gastritis, ulcers).
    • Found in diverse environments, especially sulfur-rich areas.

    Phylum: Bacteroidota

    • Over 1000 characterized species, primarily nonsporulating Gram-negative rods.
    • Order Bacteroidales: Dominant in human intestines, includes Bacteroides that are important for polysaccharide degradation.

    Additional Orders in Bacteroidota

    • Cytophagales: Obligate aerobes, known for gliding motility and degrading complex polysaccharides.
    • Flavobacteriales and Sphingobacteriales: Typically found in aquatic environments, highly adaptive and mostly obligate aerobes.

    Final Notes

    • Bacteria from these groups play vital roles in ecological interactions, medical significance, and industry.
    • Metabolic diversity enables adaptation to various environments and relationships with other organisms.

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    Chapter 16 Lecture 1 (1).pptx

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of Gammaproteobacteria, specifically focusing on the Enterobacteriales order. This quiz covers important genera such as Escherichia, Salmonella, and Shigella, their roles in the intestine, and their impact on human health. Test your knowledge on their characteristics and functions.

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