Gamma Camera Parallel Hole Collimators

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What is a major limitation of the gamma camera?

The absorption of gamma photons by the collimator's material (correct)
The camera's limited field of view
The camera's ability to detect gamma photons
The inability to produce high-resolution images

What is the primary function of a collimator in gamma ray detection?

To filter out unwanted gamma photons (correct)
To reduce the field of view of the gamma camera
To map gamma rays onto the scintillator
To increase the sensitivity of the gamma camera

What is the benefit of using a hexagonal structured hole arrangement in parallel hole collimators?

It increases the sensitivity of the gamma camera
It filters out unwanted gamma photons
It maximises the exposed area of the gamma camera detector (correct)
It reduces the field of view of the gamma camera

What determines the appropriate type of collimator for gamma ray detection?

The desired level of sensitivity and spatial resolution (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the scintillator in gamma imaging?

To map gamma rays onto the image (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of parallel hole collimators?

They have a hexagonal structured hole arrangement (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common material used in the construction of parallel hole collimators?

Lead (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of doping NaI crystals with thallium atoms?

To improve the scintillator's response to gamma photons (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the interaction between the incident photons and the scintillator's material?

The release of energetic electrons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the electrons in an excited state?

They return to their stable state by releasing energy as optical photons (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between crystal thickness and gamma photon absorption?

Thicker crystals absorb most incident gamma photons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of using thick crystals in scintillators?

Reduced spatial resolution (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing the scintillation process?

The crystal design (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate outcome of the electrons released during the scintillation process?

They release energy as optical photons (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the focusing electrode in a photomultiplier tube?

To direct the photoelectrons towards the first dynode (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate purpose of the cascade procedure in a photomultiplier tube?

To collect all the electrons at the anode (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the collision between the primary electrons and the first dynode surface?

The liberation of more electrons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of minimizing scattered gamma photons in a gamma camera?

To enhance the produced gamma image quality (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the gamma image produced by a conventional gamma camera?

A true mapping of the spatial locations of the detected gamma photons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the dynodes in a photomultiplier tube?

To amplify the electrons through a series of stages (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final destination of the electrons in a photomultiplier tube?

The anode (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical thickness range of parallel hole collimators manufactured for traditional gamma cameras?

25-80 mm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the structure of parallel bore arrays in parallel hole collimators?

Symmetrical with identical holes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of parallel hole collimators compared to pinhole collimators?

Superior level of sensitivity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of collimators in gamma imaging systems?

Most off-axis gamma photons are absorbed (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do parallel hole collimators allow several incidence angles?

Because the hole diameter is not infinitesimally small (B) Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines the septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

Energy of the gamma photons (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the hole diameter in parallel hole collimators?

Wider range of acceptance angles (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for minimizing scattered gamma photon penetration in the collimator body?

To avoid the projection of inaccurate data on the gamma image (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between parallel hole collimators and non-parallel hole collimators?

Field of view (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of collimator is used for scanning small targeted areas, such as brain or cardiac procedures?

Converging collimator (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a diverging collimator?

To collect gamma photons from a large region of interest (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical material used to make a pinhole collimator?

Tungsten, lead, or platinum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter range of the aperture in a pinhole collimator?

2-6 mm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of collimator is suitable for nuclear medicine clinics with small organ imaging procedures?

Pinhole collimator (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a pinhole collimator in examining bone joints, paediatric scans, and skeletal extremities?

Enhanced effectiveness (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between parallel hole collimators and pinhole collimators?

Structural shape (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are non-parallel hole collimators used in nuclear medicine?

To satisfy the needs of specific scanning procedures (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for minimizing scattered gamma photon penetration in the collimator body?

To avoid the projection of inaccurate data on the gamma image (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between parallel hole collimators and non-parallel hole collimators?

The hole structure, which affects the field of view (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adjusting the septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

To minimize scattered gamma photon penetration (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of collimator provides a larger field of view compared to parallel-hole collimators?

Diverging collimator (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using pinhole collimators in nuclear medicine clinics?

They are more suitable for small organ imaging procedures (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using parallel hole collimators in gamma imaging?

Improved sensitivity due to maximized exposed area of the gamma camera detector (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the appropriate septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

Desired level of sensitivity and spatial resolution (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between parallel hole collimators and non-parallel hole collimators?

Hole structure and arrangement (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the hole diameter in parallel hole collimators?

Improved sensitivity due to increased exposed area (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for minimizing scattered gamma photon penetration in the collimator body?

To reduce scattered gamma photon penetration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between parallel hole collimators and non-parallel hole collimators?

Hole diameter and pattern of arrangement (B) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

The hole diameter and pattern of arrangement (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the multi-hole collimator in a gamma camera?

To delineate the image from the patient (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the hole diameter in parallel hole collimators?

Decreased sensitivity and resolution (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why parallel hole collimators are limited in their field of view?

Most of the off-axis gamma photons are absorbed by the collimator body. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for minimizing scattered gamma photon penetration in the collimator body?

To reduce the noise and artifacts in the image (B) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

The diameter of the collimator holes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

The energy of the gamma photons. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical field of view in a pinhole collimator?

Small, covering specific targeted structures (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the hole diameter in parallel hole collimators?

Increased gamma photon penetration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increasing the hole diameter in parallel hole collimators?

The collimator allows a wider range of acceptance angles. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of large field of view (LFOV) gamma cameras?

They are assembled with diversified hardware and connections (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do parallel hole collimators provide a superior level of sensitivity compared to pinhole collimators?

Parallel hole collimators allow more gamma photons to pass through. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using parallel hole collimators in gamma imaging systems?

To allow for several incidence angles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using parallel hole collimators over non-parallel hole collimators?

Parallel hole collimators provide a superior level of sensitivity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of medium-energy collimators?

For use up to 400 keV with thicker septa (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of conventional planar gamma imaging?

Lack of depth information (B) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the sensitivity of a parallel hole collimator?

Number of holes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reducing scattered gamma photon penetration in the collimator body?

To reduce sensitivity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a non-parallel hole collimator compared to a parallel hole collimator?

Larger field of view (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a dual- or triple-headed camera in SPECT?

It reduces the image acquisition time or improves the sensitivity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using an elliptical orbit in SPECT?

It minimizes the gap between the collimator and the patient, improving the resolution (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using three or four gamma cameras equally spaced around the rotating gantry in SPECT?

It improves the sensitivity of the image (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can SPECT studies be presented?

Either as a series of slices or as a three-dimensional display (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major use of SPECT?

Both A and B (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of minimizing scattered gamma photon penetration in parallel-hole collimators?

To improve image resolution (C) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the appropriate septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

The energy of the gamma photons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using non-parallel hole collimators in some applications?

They are more suitable for small organ imaging (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the hole diameter in parallel hole collimators?

It increases the sensitivity of the detector (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between parallel hole collimators and non-parallel hole collimators?

The field of view they provide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adjusting the septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

To minimize scattered gamma photon penetration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using parallel hole collimators in gamma imaging?

They increase the sensitivity of the detector (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the appropriate septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

The energy of the gamma photons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using pinhole collimators in nuclear medicine clinics?

They are more suitable for small organ imaging (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using non-parallel hole collimators in some applications?

They are more suitable for small organ imaging (B) Signup and view all the answers

Gamma Camera Parallel Hole Collimators

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Questions and Answers

What is a major limitation of the gamma camera?

What is the primary function of a collimator in gamma ray detection?

What is the benefit of using a hexagonal structured hole arrangement in parallel hole collimators?

What determines the appropriate type of collimator for gamma ray detection?

What is the purpose of the scintillator in gamma imaging?

What is a characteristic of parallel hole collimators?

What is a common material used in the construction of parallel hole collimators?

What is the purpose of doping NaI crystals with thallium atoms?

What is the result of the interaction between the incident photons and the scintillator's material?

What is the fate of the electrons in an excited state?

What is the relationship between crystal thickness and gamma photon absorption?

What is a drawback of using thick crystals in scintillators?

What is the primary factor influencing the scintillation process?

What is the ultimate outcome of the electrons released during the scintillation process?

What is the primary function of the focusing electrode in a photomultiplier tube?

What is the ultimate purpose of the cascade procedure in a photomultiplier tube?

What is the result of the collision between the primary electrons and the first dynode surface?

What is the purpose of minimizing scattered gamma photons in a gamma camera?

What is the nature of the gamma image produced by a conventional gamma camera?

What is the role of the dynodes in a photomultiplier tube?

What is the final destination of the electrons in a photomultiplier tube?

What is the typical thickness range of parallel hole collimators manufactured for traditional gamma cameras?

What is a characteristic of the structure of parallel bore arrays in parallel hole collimators?

What is an advantage of parallel hole collimators compared to pinhole collimators?

What is a limitation of collimators in gamma imaging systems?

Why do parallel hole collimators allow several incidence angles?

What factor determines the septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

What is the effect of increasing the hole diameter in parallel hole collimators?

What is the primary reason for minimizing scattered gamma photon penetration in the collimator body?

What is the main difference between parallel hole collimators and non-parallel hole collimators?

Which type of collimator is used for scanning small targeted areas, such as brain or cardiac procedures?

What is the primary purpose of using a diverging collimator?

What is the typical material used to make a pinhole collimator?

What is the diameter range of the aperture in a pinhole collimator?

What type of collimator is suitable for nuclear medicine clinics with small organ imaging procedures?

What is the advantage of using a pinhole collimator in examining bone joints, paediatric scans, and skeletal extremities?

What is the primary difference between parallel hole collimators and pinhole collimators?

Why are non-parallel hole collimators used in nuclear medicine?

What is the primary reason for minimizing scattered gamma photon penetration in the collimator body?

What is the main difference between parallel hole collimators and non-parallel hole collimators?

What is the purpose of adjusting the septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

Which type of collimator provides a larger field of view compared to parallel-hole collimators?

What is the primary advantage of using pinhole collimators in nuclear medicine clinics?

What is the primary advantage of using parallel hole collimators in gamma imaging?

What is the primary factor that determines the appropriate septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

What is the main difference between parallel hole collimators and non-parallel hole collimators?

What is the effect of increasing the hole diameter in parallel hole collimators?

What is the primary reason for minimizing scattered gamma photon penetration in the collimator body?

What is the main difference between parallel hole collimators and non-parallel hole collimators?

What determines the septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

What is the primary purpose of the multi-hole collimator in a gamma camera?

What is the effect of increasing the hole diameter in parallel hole collimators?

What is the primary reason why parallel hole collimators are limited in their field of view?

What is the primary reason for minimizing scattered gamma photon penetration in the collimator body?

What determines the septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

What is the primary factor that determines the septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

What is the typical field of view in a pinhole collimator?

What is the effect of increasing the hole diameter in parallel hole collimators?

What is the result of increasing the hole diameter in parallel hole collimators?

What is a characteristic of large field of view (LFOV) gamma cameras?

Why do parallel hole collimators provide a superior level of sensitivity compared to pinhole collimators?

What is the primary reason for using parallel hole collimators in gamma imaging systems?

What is the primary advantage of using parallel hole collimators over non-parallel hole collimators?

What is the purpose of medium-energy collimators?

What is a limitation of conventional planar gamma imaging?

What determines the sensitivity of a parallel hole collimator?

What is the purpose of reducing scattered gamma photon penetration in the collimator body?

What is the advantage of using a non-parallel hole collimator compared to a parallel hole collimator?

What is the advantage of using a dual- or triple-headed camera in SPECT?

What is the benefit of using an elliptical orbit in SPECT?

What is the advantage of using three or four gamma cameras equally spaced around the rotating gantry in SPECT?

How can SPECT studies be presented?

What is a major use of SPECT?

What is the primary purpose of minimizing scattered gamma photon penetration in parallel-hole collimators?

What determines the appropriate septal thickness in parallel-hole collimators?

What is the advantage of using non-parallel hole collimators in some applications?