Gametogenesis and Epigenetics
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of meiosis in gametogenesis?

  • Each gamete receives 100 chromosomes
  • Each gamete receives 46 chromosomes
  • Each gamete receives 23 chromosomes (correct)
  • Each gamete receives 92 chromosomes

    • What is the term for the alteration of gene expression due to early life experiences?

  • Genetic drift
  • Gene mutation
  • Epigenetic programming (correct)
  • Chromosomal aberration

    • What determines the development of testes in sex differentiation?

  • The SRY gene on the Y chromosome (correct)
  • The presence of XY chromosomes
  • The SRY gene on the X chromosome
  • The presence of XX chromosomes

    • What is the function of AMH in sex differentiation?

    <p>Development of male reproductive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the absence of a Y chromosome in sex differentiation?

    <p>Development of ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dual function of the gonads in reproductive endocrinology?

    <p>Gametogenesis and secretion of sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Leydig cells in the male gonads?

    <p>Secreting testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>To exchange gases, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating spermatogenesis?

    <p>FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of progesterone and estrogen during the last 7 months of pregnancy?

    <p>The placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone responsible for stimulating milk production during lactation?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the meiotic divisions of spermatogenesis?

    <p>Sperm containing 23 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the failure to conceive with unprotected intercourse and no means to block conception?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Performing many functions during spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Storing mature sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone responsible for the development of the male phenotype during fetal development?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cessation of reproductive function in women as they age?

    <p>Menopause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of testosterone on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Reducing GnRH secretion and mainly LH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between male and female hypogonadism?

    <p>The underlying cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the decrease in testosterone levels with aging?

    <p>Andropause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the two meiotic divisions of oogenesis?

    <p>Eggs containing 23 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Secreting estrogen and progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate duration of each phase of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone exerts negative feedback on the anterior pituitary gland during the early and middle follicular phases?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the completion of the egg's first meiotic division and cytoplasmic maturation?

    <p>LH surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of progesterone during the secretory phase?

    <p>Converting the estrogen-primed endometrium to a secretory tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of menopause?

    <p>Decrease in the number of ovarian follicles and their hyporesponsiveness to the gonadotropins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the fusion of the nuclei of the egg and sperm during fertilization?

    <p>Zygote formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of androgens in women?

    <p>Stimulating growth of pubic and axillary hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of inhibin on the secretion of FSH?

    <p>Inhibin preferentially inhibits FSH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the regression of the corpus luteum?

    <p>Decrease in plasma estrogen and progesterone concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GnRH in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Stimulating the secretion of FSH and LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crossing-over and random distribution of maternal and paternal chromatids during meiosis?

    <p>It causes genetic variability in the gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the absence of a Y chromosome in sex differentiation?

    <p>Development of ovaries and female reproductive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the alteration of gene expression due to early life experiences?

    <p>Epigenetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dual function of the gonads in reproductive endocrinology?

    <p>Gametogenesis and secretion of sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the development of testes in sex differentiation?

    <p>Presence of a Y chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of meiosis in gametogenesis?

    <p>Gametes with 23 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>To perform many functions, including spermatogenesis and inhibin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the meiotic divisions of spermatogenesis?

    <p>Sperm with 23 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To store and mature sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of estrogen and progesterone in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of LH in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To stimulate testosterone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of testosterone on the accessory reproductive organs?

    <p>Stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypogonadism in males?

    <p>Testicular failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the fusion of the nuclei of the sperm and egg during fertilization?

    <p>A zygote with 46 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GnRH in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To regulate the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the last 7 months of pregnancy in terms of progesterone and estrogen production?

    <p>The placenta takes over the production of progesterone and estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of inhibin on FSH secretion?

    <p>Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the secretion of prolactin during pregnancy?

    <p>Estrogen acting on the anterior pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of uterine prostaglandins in parturition?

    <p>Stimulating the contractions of the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high concentrations of progesterone on menstrual cycles?

    <p>Inhibiting the secretion of GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the suckling reflex during lactation?

    <p>Release of large bursts of prolactin and oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the failure to conceive with unprotected intercourse and no means to block conception?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of estrogen during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Granulosa cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the uterus undergo proliferative changes?

    <p>Follicular phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the inhibition of GnRH and the gonadotropins during the luteal phase?

    <p>Suppressed ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of androgens in women?

    <p>Growth of pubic and axillary hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of the symptoms of menopause?

    <p>Marked decrease in plasma estrogen concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the fusion of the sperm and egg nuclei during fertilization?

    <p>Zygote formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum secrete progesterone and estrogen?

    <p>Luteal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of progesterone on the endometrium during the secretory phase?

    <p>It converts the estrogen-primed endometrium to a secretory tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of inhibin in the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Inhibiting FSH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the regression of the corpus luteum?

    <p>Menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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