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Questions and Answers
In a galvanic cell, if the individual electrode reactions are not written in the correct direction, what is the most likely consequence?
In a galvanic cell, if the individual electrode reactions are not written in the correct direction, what is the most likely consequence?
- The overall cell reaction will be thermodynamically unfavorable. (correct)
- The measured cell voltage will be higher than expected.
- The overall cell reaction will proceed spontaneously, but at a slower rate.
- There will be no impact on the cell reaction or voltage.
Which of the following describes the primary function of a salt bridge in a galvanic cell?
Which of the following describes the primary function of a salt bridge in a galvanic cell?
- To provide a surface for the oxidation and reduction reactions to occur.
- To maintain electrical neutrality in the half-cells, allowing the reaction to proceed. (correct)
- To physically separate the two half-cells, preventing mixing of the electrolytes.
- To facilitate direct electron transfer between the two half-cells.
In standard cell notation, what does a double vertical line (||) represent?
In standard cell notation, what does a double vertical line (||) represent?
- Direct contact between two solutions.
- A salt bridge connecting two half-cells. (correct)
- Phase boundary between solid electrode and aqueous solution.
- The flow of electrons in the external circuit.
Given the cell notation $Zn(s) | ZnSO_4(aq) || CuSO_4(aq) | Cu(s)$, which half-cell reaction occurs at the anode?
Given the cell notation $Zn(s) | ZnSO_4(aq) || CuSO_4(aq) | Cu(s)$, which half-cell reaction occurs at the anode?
Consider a galvanic cell constructed with a zinc electrode in zinc sulfate solution and a copper electrode in copper sulfate solution. If the concentration of $Cu^{2+}$ ions is increased, what effect will this have on the cell potential?
Consider a galvanic cell constructed with a zinc electrode in zinc sulfate solution and a copper electrode in copper sulfate solution. If the concentration of $Cu^{2+}$ ions is increased, what effect will this have on the cell potential?
A galvanic cell is represented as $Fe | Fe^{2+} || Pb^{2+} | Pb$. Which of the following statements accurately describes the electron flow in this cell?
A galvanic cell is represented as $Fe | Fe^{2+} || Pb^{2+} | Pb$. Which of the following statements accurately describes the electron flow in this cell?
Which equation is used to calculate the standard cell potential ($E_{cell}$) in a galvanic cell, given the standard reduction potentials of the cathode ($E_{cathode}$) and anode ($E_{anode}$)?
Which equation is used to calculate the standard cell potential ($E_{cell}$) in a galvanic cell, given the standard reduction potentials of the cathode ($E_{cathode}$) and anode ($E_{anode}$)?
Consider a galvanic cell with a standard cell potential of 1.10 V. If the reaction at the anode is $Zn(s) \rightarrow Zn^{2+}(aq) + 2e^-$ and the standard reduction potential for $Zn^{2+}$ is -0.76 V, what is the standard reduction potential for the cathode reaction, assuming it involves copper?
Consider a galvanic cell with a standard cell potential of 1.10 V. If the reaction at the anode is $Zn(s) \rightarrow Zn^{2+}(aq) + 2e^-$ and the standard reduction potential for $Zn^{2+}$ is -0.76 V, what is the standard reduction potential for the cathode reaction, assuming it involves copper?
What is the standard reference point for measuring electrode potentials, to which all other electrode potentials are compared?
What is the standard reference point for measuring electrode potentials, to which all other electrode potentials are compared?
If the standard potential of a $Zn | Zn^{2+}$ electrode is given as 0.76 V, and a galvanic cell is set up as $Zn | Zn^{2+}(a=1) || H^+(a=1) | H_2(P=1 atm) (pt)$, what does this potential signify?
If the standard potential of a $Zn | Zn^{2+}$ electrode is given as 0.76 V, and a galvanic cell is set up as $Zn | Zn^{2+}(a=1) || H^+(a=1) | H_2(P=1 atm) (pt)$, what does this potential signify?
In the context of electrolytic cells, which of the following best describes a nonspontaneous reaction?
In the context of electrolytic cells, which of the following best describes a nonspontaneous reaction?
What distinguishes an electrolytic cell from a galvanic cell in terms of energy conversion?
What distinguishes an electrolytic cell from a galvanic cell in terms of energy conversion?
In an electrolytic cell, to which pole of an external direct current (d.c) power supply is the cathode connected, and what type of reaction occurs there?
In an electrolytic cell, to which pole of an external direct current (d.c) power supply is the cathode connected, and what type of reaction occurs there?
During the electrolysis of an aqueous solution, what determines the movement of ions within the solution?
During the electrolysis of an aqueous solution, what determines the movement of ions within the solution?
During electrolysis, if the solution temperature increases due to the electrical energy converting to heat, what is the primary cause of this heat generation?
During electrolysis, if the solution temperature increases due to the electrical energy converting to heat, what is the primary cause of this heat generation?
Compared to galvanic cells, what is a key difference in how ions are discharged on the electrodes in electrolytic cells?
Compared to galvanic cells, what is a key difference in how ions are discharged on the electrodes in electrolytic cells?
If a metal X has a higher tendency to lose electrons compared to metal Y, how will their positions typically appear in the electromotive series (EMS)?
If a metal X has a higher tendency to lose electrons compared to metal Y, how will their positions typically appear in the electromotive series (EMS)?
Why is the hydrogen electrode assigned an arbitrary zero voltage in electrochemistry?
Why is the hydrogen electrode assigned an arbitrary zero voltage in electrochemistry?
What is the significance of the electromotive series (EMS) in predicting the feasibility of a redox reaction?
What is the significance of the electromotive series (EMS) in predicting the feasibility of a redox reaction?
How is the 'difference in potential' useful when single electrode potentials cannot be measured directly?
How is the 'difference in potential' useful when single electrode potentials cannot be measured directly?
Which of the following is a practical application of electrolytic cells?
Which of the following is a practical application of electrolytic cells?
Which of the following is a practical application of galvanic cells?
Which of the following is a practical application of galvanic cells?
How does the spontaneity of a reaction differ between galvanic and electrolytic cells?
How does the spontaneity of a reaction differ between galvanic and electrolytic cells?
Which device is used to measure the amount of electricity produced by a Galvanic cell?
Which device is used to measure the amount of electricity produced by a Galvanic cell?
Flashcards
What is a galvanic cell?
What is a galvanic cell?
A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through spontaneous redox reactions.
Electrode Reaction Direction
Electrode Reaction Direction
In a galvanic cell, individual electrode reactions are written in the direction of the overall cell reaction.
What is the Anode?
What is the Anode?
The electrode where oxidation (loss of electrons) occurs, designated as the negative terminal in a galvanic cell.
What is the Cathode?
What is the Cathode?
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What does a single vertical line (|) mean in cell notation?
What does a single vertical line (|) mean in cell notation?
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What do double vertical lines (||) mean in cell notation?
What do double vertical lines (||) mean in cell notation?
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What is Ecell?
What is Ecell?
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What is the Electromotive series (e.m.s)?
What is the Electromotive series (e.m.s)?
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What is the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)?
What is the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)?
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What is a Standard electrode potential?
What is a Standard electrode potential?
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What is an Electrolytic cell?
What is an Electrolytic cell?
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What is the energy conversion in electrolytic cells?
What is the energy conversion in electrolytic cells?
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What is the Anode in an Electrolytic Cell?
What is the Anode in an Electrolytic Cell?
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Cathode in an Electrolytic cell
Cathode in an Electrolytic cell
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What happens during electrolysis?
What happens during electrolysis?
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Ion Movement in Electrolysis
Ion Movement in Electrolysis
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What is a galvanic cell?
What is a galvanic cell?
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What is an electrolytic cell?
What is an electrolytic cell?
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Energy conversion in galvanic cell.
Energy conversion in galvanic cell.
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What is the anode in a galvanic cell?
What is the anode in a galvanic cell?
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What is the cathode in a galvanic cell.
What is the cathode in a galvanic cell.
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Ions on electrodes in galvanic cells
Ions on electrodes in galvanic cells
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Electron flow direction in galvanic cell
Electron flow direction in galvanic cell
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Applications of electrolytic cells.
Applications of electrolytic cells.
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Applications of galvanic cells.
Applications of galvanic cells.
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Study Notes
- Galvanic cells and electrolytic cells both involve electrochemical reactions, but differ in their spontaneity and energy conversion
Galvanic Cells
- Overall cell reactions must have individual electrode reactions written in the correct direction
- The left-hand electrode is the negative electrode (anode) where oxidation (loss of electrons) occurs
- The right-hand electrode is the positive electrode (cathode) where reduction (gain of electrons) takes place
- Vertical lines (|) separate liquids from solids in cell notation
- Double vertical lines (||) indicate a salt bridge
- Commas (,) are placed between two electrolytes in the same solution
- Dotted lines are for two solutions in direct contact at their interface
- The cell potential (Ecell) is the difference between the cathode and anode potentials: Ecell = Ecathode - Eanode
- Ecathode is the reduction potential of the cathode half-cell where reduction occurs
- Eanode is the oxidation potential of the anode half-cell where oxidation occurs
- The electromotive series (e.m.s) lists chemical species by their tendency to gain or lose electrons (undergo reduction or oxidation)
- Electromotive series values are measured in volts relative to the hydrogen electrode, which is the standard with an arbitrarily assigned zero voltage
- Evaluating electrode potentials involves using the hydrogen electrode (H2) in its standard state as the reference, enabling measurement of other electrode potentials against it
- The potential of the H2 electrode in its standard form is assigned a value of zero
- Standard potential of Zn | Zn++ electrode is 0.76V, meaning the e.m.f of the galvanic cell Zn | Zn++ (a=1) || H+ (a=1)| H2(P=1atm) (pt) is 0.76V
Electrolytic Cells
- Electrolytic cells are electrochemical reactors, where thermodynamically nonspontaneous reactions are made to occur by providing energy in the form of electrical energy
- Electrical energy is converted into chemical energy in a nonspontaneous manner
- Electrolytic cells consist of two electrodes in a container with an electrolyte
- One electrode is connected to the negative pole and the other to the positive pole of an external direct current (d.c.) power supply
- The anode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply
- The cathode is connected to the negative pole of the power supply
- Oxidation occurs at the anode
- Reduction takes place at the cathode
- During electrolysis, electrical current is carried by ion migration in solution and electron flow through the connecting wires outside the solution
- Positive ions migrate toward the negative electrode (cathode), and negative ions migrate toward the positive electrode (anode)
- The solution temperature increases due to the conversion of part of the electrical energy into heat, Q (Q = I2R), owing to internal cell resistance R
- Heat generation in the solution may adversely affect cell performance
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