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Questions and Answers
A ______ gene is one whose characteristics will be dominant when paired with another gene.
A ______ gene is one whose characteristics will be dominant when paired with another gene.
dominant
A ______ gene will not produce its characteristics when paired with a dominant gene.
A ______ gene will not produce its characteristics when paired with a dominant gene.
recessive
A combination of both dominant genes is referred to as ______.
A combination of both dominant genes is referred to as ______.
homozygous
A ______ pair consists of one dominant and one recessive gene.
A ______ pair consists of one dominant and one recessive gene.
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Identical twins are also called ______ twins.
Identical twins are also called ______ twins.
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Down syndrome is also known as ______ 21.
Down syndrome is also known as ______ 21.
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Artificial insemination is an example of ______ fertilization.
Artificial insemination is an example of ______ fertilization.
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______ twins develop from two separate zygotes.
______ twins develop from two separate zygotes.
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The transmission of traits from parents to offspring is known as ______.
The transmission of traits from parents to offspring is known as ______.
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A strand-like structure found in the nuclei of the cell is called ______.
A strand-like structure found in the nuclei of the cell is called ______.
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is assembled from smaller molecules called ______.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is assembled from smaller molecules called ______.
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The female reproductive cell is called an ______.
The female reproductive cell is called an ______.
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Sperm cells are produced in the ______ of a male human being.
Sperm cells are produced in the ______ of a male human being.
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Egg cells have a life span of about ______ hours if not fertilized.
Egg cells have a life span of about ______ hours if not fertilized.
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During a single ejaculation, millions of ______ cells are released.
During a single ejaculation, millions of ______ cells are released.
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Ovulation is the release of an ______ cell from a female's ovary.
Ovulation is the release of an ______ cell from a female's ovary.
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Flashcards
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Strand-like structures in cell nuclei, composed of DNA, carrying genetic information.
DNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid; a ladder-like structure containing genes.
Genes
Genes
Segments of DNA that are the basic units of heredity; controlling traits.
Sperm Cell
Sperm Cell
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Egg Cell
Egg Cell
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Ovulation
Ovulation
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Reproductive Cells
Reproductive Cells
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Number of human chromosomes
Number of human chromosomes
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Dominant Gene
Dominant Gene
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Recessive Gene
Recessive Gene
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Homozygous
Homozygous
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Heterozygous
Heterozygous
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Gonosomes
Gonosomes
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Identical Twin
Identical Twin
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Fraternal Twin
Fraternal Twin
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Down Syndrome
Down Syndrome
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Study Notes
Human Development
- Human behavior is studied from prenatal to later life.
- Heredity transmits traits from parents to offspring.
- Chromosomes are strand-like structures within cell nuclei, composed of DNA.
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a ladder-like structure assembled from smaller molecules and contains thousands of genes.
- Genes are segments of DNA that are the basic units of heredity.
- Reproductive cells include sperm cells (spermatozoa) and egg cells (ova).
- Sperm cells consist of a head, mid-piece, and tail; the head contains the nucleus.
- Egg cells contain a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm and are produced in the ovaries.
- Egg cells are larger than sperm cells.
- Only one egg cell is produced during a menstrual cycle.
- Egg cells require a warm body temperature for sustenance.
- Egg cells are formed before birth, are active until menopause, and cannot be stored.
- Millions of sperm cells are released in a single ejaculation.
- Sperm cells require a slightly lower body temperature for sustenance.
- Sperm cells form during puberty and can survive 3–5 days in the female womb.
- Sperm cells can be frozen and stored.
- Ovaries (gonads) produce egg cells (23 chromosomes).
- Testicles (gonads) produce sperm cells (23 chromosomes).
- Fertilized egg develops into a zygote (46 chromosomes).
- Fertilization occurs when sperm cell joins egg cell. -The zygote then goes through cleavage stages (2, 4, 8 cell, Morula, Blastocysts, and finally implanted blastocyst).
- Ovulation is the release of an egg cell from the female ovary.
- Chromosomes are numbered from 1 to 22, and two sex chromosomes (XX or XY) .
Types of Genes
- Dominant gene: its characteristic is dominant when paired with another gene.
- Recessive gene: its characteristic is not produced when paired with a dominant gene.
- Homozygous: a combination (pair) of either two dominant or two recessive genes.
- Heterozygous: a pair of dominant and recessive genes.
Types of Twins
- Identical twin (monozygotic): a single zygote splits into two.
- Fraternal twin (dizygotic): two zygotes are developed.
- Conjoined twins (or Siamese twins): an unfinished split of a monozygotic zygote.
- Multiple birth: three or more births at the same delivery.
Abnormalities
- Down syndrome (trisomy 21): an extra copy of chromosome 21.
- Fetal alcohol syndrome: health problems caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Issues
- Test-tube baby (in vitro fertilization): fertilization takes place outside of a human body.
- Artificial insemination: specially washed semen is transferred to the uterus.
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