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Questions and Answers
What is the study of fungi called?
What is the study of fungi called?
Which of the following is NOT a part of medical microbiology classification?
Which of the following is NOT a part of medical microbiology classification?
What is the purpose of washing hands with disinfectant soap in the lab?
What is the purpose of washing hands with disinfectant soap in the lab?
What should be used to clean your workspace before and after each session?
What should be used to clean your workspace before and after each session?
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Which protective gear is recommended when working with potentially infectious samples?
Which protective gear is recommended when working with potentially infectious samples?
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What is a correct practice regarding the use of the Bunsen burner?
What is a correct practice regarding the use of the Bunsen burner?
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Why is it important to keep protective clothing in the lab?
Why is it important to keep protective clothing in the lab?
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What should you do with cultures when they are not in use?
What should you do with cultures when they are not in use?
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Which of the following statements about sterilization after use is correct?
Which of the following statements about sterilization after use is correct?
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What is the correct procedure for disposing of broken glass in the laboratory?
What is the correct procedure for disposing of broken glass in the laboratory?
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Why is it important to treat all materials as biohazards in a microbiology lab?
Why is it important to treat all materials as biohazards in a microbiology lab?
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What should be done immediately after a spill or accident in the lab?
What should be done immediately after a spill or accident in the lab?
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Which piece of equipment is used for routine inoculation of agar slopes?
Which piece of equipment is used for routine inoculation of agar slopes?
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What is the primary use of a conical flask in a microbiology lab?
What is the primary use of a conical flask in a microbiology lab?
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What is the purpose of preventing contamination with a non-absorbent cotton wool plug in a pipette?
What is the purpose of preventing contamination with a non-absorbent cotton wool plug in a pipette?
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Which laboratory equipment can be used for sterilizing instruments using hot air?
Which laboratory equipment can be used for sterilizing instruments using hot air?
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What is the primary purpose of an autoclave in microbiology?
What is the primary purpose of an autoclave in microbiology?
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Which sterilization method utilizes high temperature only for a prolonged period?
Which sterilization method utilizes high temperature only for a prolonged period?
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What is the optimal temperature for maintaining bacterial cultures in a refrigerator?
What is the optimal temperature for maintaining bacterial cultures in a refrigerator?
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Which piece of equipment is specifically used for safely working with pathogenic materials?
Which piece of equipment is specifically used for safely working with pathogenic materials?
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The function of an incubator is primarily to:
The function of an incubator is primarily to:
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How does a centrifuge aid in laboratory procedures?
How does a centrifuge aid in laboratory procedures?
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What type of sterilization does a waterbath primarily provide?
What type of sterilization does a waterbath primarily provide?
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What is the primary use of an autoclave in a microbiology laboratory?
What is the primary use of an autoclave in a microbiology laboratory?
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What type of rack can be used in a laboratory?
What type of rack can be used in a laboratory?
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At what temperature does a water bath typically keep melted agar media?
At what temperature does a water bath typically keep melted agar media?
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What is the main function of a Biological Safety Cabinet?
What is the main function of a Biological Safety Cabinet?
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Which of the following items is NOT used for incubating cultures?
Which of the following items is NOT used for incubating cultures?
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What process does centrifugation utilize to separate particles from a solution?
What process does centrifugation utilize to separate particles from a solution?
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Which equipment is most appropriate for microscopical observations?
Which equipment is most appropriate for microscopical observations?
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Why should a microwave oven not be used for sterilisation?
Why should a microwave oven not be used for sterilisation?
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What is one key role of microbes in the environment?
What is one key role of microbes in the environment?
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What is the primary function of the pipette in a microbiology lab?
What is the primary function of the pipette in a microbiology lab?
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Which tool is used for spreading bacterial cells on the surface of solid medium?
Which tool is used for spreading bacterial cells on the surface of solid medium?
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Which statement is true regarding the Petri dish?
Which statement is true regarding the Petri dish?
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What is the intended use of the needle in microbiology?
What is the intended use of the needle in microbiology?
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Why is the swab considered a single-use tool in microbiological procedures?
Why is the swab considered a single-use tool in microbiological procedures?
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When using a flask for microbiological experiments, what is the crucial step after plugging it with cotton?
When using a flask for microbiological experiments, what is the crucial step after plugging it with cotton?
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What is the purpose of using a cover slip in microscopy?
What is the purpose of using a cover slip in microscopy?
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Which tool is specifically sterilized using both an oven and an autoclave?
Which tool is specifically sterilized using both an oven and an autoclave?
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Study Notes
Classification of Medical Microbiology
- Bacteriology: Study of bacteria.
- Mycology: Study of fungi.
- Virology: Study of viruses.
- Parasitology: Study of protozoa and helminths.
- Immunology: Study of the body's resistance to diseases.
Microbiology Lab Practices and Safety Rules
- Hand Hygiene: Wash hands with disinfectant soap upon entering and leaving.
- No Eating or Smoking: Prohibit all food, drinks, and chewing gum in lab areas.
- Protective Gear: Wear a lab coat and safety glasses; avoid wearing protective clothing outside the lab.
- Dress Code: Use closed-toe shoes and avoid loose clothing to minimize hazards.
- Organized Workspace: Keep work areas clear and store personal items in designated locations.
- Disinfecting Work Areas: Sterilize workspaces with 70% ethanol or 10% bleach before and after each session.
- Labeling Reagents: Clearly label all containers and ensure caps are secured after use.
- Sterilizing Equipment: Flame inoculating loops and needles before use; ensure Bunsen burners are turned off when not in use.
- Handling Microorganisms: Treat all microbes as potential pathogens and use proper techniques to avoid contamination.
- Wearing Protective Gear: Use disposable gloves with potentially infectious samples.
- Sterilization of Materials: Sterilize all equipment after use and never pipette by mouth.
- Handling Waste: Use designated containers for broken glass and sharps; report and clean spills promptly.
Equipment and Apparatus in Microbiology Labs
- Inoculating Loop: Used for transferring cultures; sterilized by flame.
- Pipette: For transferring measured volumes of cultures; can be calibrated or droppers.
- Conical Flask: For large volumes of media; prevents contamination with cotton wool plug.
- Petri Dish: Used for culture plates; plastic dishes are for single use, glass dishes can be reused.
- Bunsen Burner: Used for sterilization by flame; always turn off when not in use.
- Autoclave: Sterilizes media and equipment under high temperature and pressure.
- Incubator: Maintains optimal conditions for microbial growth.
- Microscope: For observing bacterial smears.
- Centrifuge: Separates particles from solutions based on various physical properties.
Microbiology Overview
- Microbiology studies organisms invisible to the naked eye, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, termed as microbes.
- Microbes are crucial for nutrient cycling, biodegradation, climate change mitigation, and food processing.
- Applications of microbes include drug development, biofuel production, pollution cleanup, and aiding in food production.
Review of Laboratory Tools
- Loop: Used for transferring inoculums for streaking; sterilized before use.
- Pipette: Transfers broth; sterilized via autoclave.
- Spreader (L-shape): Spreads bacterial cells on media; sterilized before use.
- Swab: For collecting samples; single-use and autoclaved.
- Slides and Cover Slips: For examining bacterial smears; used once.
- Burner: Sterilizes tools with flame heat.
Additional Laboratory Equipment
- Biosafety Cabinet (BSC): Provides a sterile workspace to handle pathogenic samples with airflow protection for the operator.
- Water Bath: Used to incubate samples at a constant temperature for extended periods.
- Refrigerator: Preserves cultures and sterilized media at low temperatures to prevent contamination.
Sterilization Techniques
- Autoclave: Utilizes wet heat (121°C) under high pressure for effective sterilization.
- Oven: Employs dry heat (180°C) for sterilizing metallic and glass equipment.
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