فيزياء 210 ملاحظات دراسية

Physics 210 Study Notes

• Course: Physics 210
• Grade Level: Grade 12 (Second Secondary)
• Academic Year: 2025-2024
• Instructor: Mr./Ms. Muhammad Al-Shabrawy

Vectors

• Resultant Vector (R): The vector sum of two or more vectors.
• Components of a Vector: The horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components of a vector.
• Vector Addition (Parallelogram Method): The method for finding the resultant vector of two vectors acting at an angle.
• Resolution of Vectors: Breaking down a vector into its x and y components.
• Angle of a Vector: The angle a vector makes with the x-axis, measured counter-clockwise.
• Magnitude of Resultant Vector: R² = A² + B² - 2AB cosθ
• Direction of Resultant Vector: tan θ = Ry / Rx

Forces and Friction

• Friction: The force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.
• Kinetic Friction (Fk): The friction force between two surfaces that are moving relative to each other.
• Static Friction (Fs): The force opposing motion between two surfaces that are not moving relative to each other.
• Coefficient of Kinetic Friction (μk): The ratio of the force of kinetic friction to the normal force.
• Coefficient of Static Friction (μs): The ratio of the force of static friction to the normal force.
• Normal Force (FN): The force perpendicular to the surface in contact.

Projectile Motion

• Projectile: An object launched into the air, subject to gravity.
• Trajectory: The path of a projectile, usually parabolic.
• Time of Flight: The total time the projectile spends in the air.
• Horizontal Range: The maximum horizontal distance the projectile travels.

Circular Motion

• Uniform Circular Motion: Motion in a circle at a constant speed.
• Centripetal Acceleration (ac): The acceleration toward the center of a circle.
• Centripetal Force (Fc): The force required to keep an object moving in a circle (often a fictitious force).

Relative Velocity

• Relative Velocity: The velocity of one object as observed from a second object.

Impulse and Momentum

• Impulse: The product of force and the time interval during which the force acts.
• Momentum (p): The product of an object's mass and velocity.
• Conservation of Momentum: The total momentum of a system remains constant if no external forces act on it.

Work and Energy

• Work (W): The product of force and the displacement in the direction of the force.
• Kinetic Energy (KE): The energy of motion, equal to ½ mv².
• Work-Energy Theorem: Work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
• Power: The rate at which work is done.

Inclined Planes

• Components of Weight: On an incline, the weight of an object is resolved into components parallel and perpendicular to the incline.
• Forces on Inclined Planes: Analysis often involves resolving forces along and perpendicular to the incline.
• Friction on Inclined Planes: Friction on inclined planes is often a significant factor to consider.

Additional Concepts

• Equilibrium: A state where the net force on an object is zero.
• Free-Body Diagrams (FBD): Diagrams that represent the forces acting on an object.
• Newton's Second Law: Fnet = ma (the sum of forces equals mass times acceleration)
• Equations of motion with constant acceleration: v= u + at, s = ut + 1/2at^2, v^2 = u^2 + 2as.