50 Questions
According to the text, what is the ratio of HCO3- to H2CO3 at pH = 7.4?
20
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the red blood cell?
To convert CO2 to H2CO3
Why does blood pH increase with hyperventilation?
Increased removal of CO2
How does the body protect itself against acidity?
All of the above
Why do cells die when the pH falls below 6.8?
Due to denaturation of proteins
What is the role of the kidney in modifying bicarbonate excretion?
To increase bicarbonate excretion
What is the function of the bicarbonate buffer system?
To maintain a neutral pH in the blood
What happens to H2CO3 in the lungs?
It is converted to water
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the lungs?
To convert H2CO3 to CO2
What is the role of the lung in modifying CO2 removal?
To increase CO2 removal by increasing ventilation
Which of the following is NOT an unusual property of water?
Melting point of 0⁰C
What type of bonds are formed between water molecules?
Hydrogen bonds
What is the pH value of neutrality?
pH 7
What is the dissociation constant of water?
1X10-14 M2
What is the pH value of a solution with a [H+] concentration of 10-4 M?
pH 4
What is the pH range for cell survival?
pH 6.8 - 7.8
Which of the following is an example of a strong acid?
HCl
What is the role of an acid in a solution?
To donate a H+
What is the role of the solvent in a solution?
To dissolve solutes
What is the solubility of hydrophobic substances in water?
Low solubility
Which of the following is true about the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
It can only be used for weak acids.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a buffer?
It can only maintain a constant pH.
At a pH of 3.74 for acetic acid, what is the ratio of salt to acid?
1000:1
Which of the following is true about the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system?
It is the most effective extracellular buffer.
What is the pKa of the phosphate buffer system?
2.1
Which of the following is NOT a physiological buffer system?
Hemoglobin buffer system
What is the pH range that the phosphate buffer system buffers best?
5.1-7.1
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system?
It catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid from water and carbon dioxide.
What is the pH range of the blood maintained by the body?
7.36-7.44
What is the concentration of bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid?
24 mmol/L
Which of the following is true about the properties of water?
Water has the highest density at 0°C.
What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of $10^{-6}$ M?
7
What is the dissociation constant ($K_w$) of water?
$1 \ imes 10^{-14}$ M
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7
What is the pH range for cell survival?
6.8-7.8
Which of the following is an example of a strong acid?
HCl
What is the strength of a hydrogen bond compared to a covalent bond?
5 kcal/mol
Which of the following is true about the solubility of hydrophobic substances?
Hydrophobic substances have low solubility.
How many hydrogen bonds can each water molecule form with other water molecules?
4
What is the range of pH values shown in the graph?
0-14
According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, what is the pH of a solution containing 0.01M acetic acid and 0.001M acetate ion?
4.74
At a pH of 3.74 for acetic acid, what is the ratio of salt/acid?
1:10
What is the pH range at which phosphate buffers best?
2.1-12.0
Which buffer system is the most effective extracellular buffer?
Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system?
To catalyze the formation of carbonic acid from bicarbonate ions
What is the pKa value of the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system?
6.1
What is the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the extracellular fluid?
4-5 mmol/L
Which buffer system is present inside cells?
Phosphate buffer system
What is the pH range at which the phosphate buffer system buffers best?
2.1-12.0
What is the role of hemoglobin in buffering pH?
To bind and release hydrogen ions
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