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Questions and Answers

What primarily determines the flux of ions across a membrane?

  • Temperature only
  • Membrane thickness
  • Electrochemical driving force and conductance (correct)
  • Surface area of the membrane
  • Which factor indicates the ability for electrical charge to flow through the membrane?

  • Conductance (correct)
  • Membrane potential
  • Capacitance
  • Resistance
  • What is the primary characteristic of an ion channel?

  • Ion selectivity and states of channel (correct)
  • Inability to open
  • Fixed conductance at all times
  • Ion impermeability
  • Which of the following best describes the 'resting membrane potential'?

    <p>The polarized state of the cell when inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Nernst equation primarily calculate?

    <p>Equilibrium potential of ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of excitable tissue in the body?

    <p>Transmit electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the central nervous system from the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of signal involves the release of hormones into the bloodstream?

    <p>Humoral signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true regarding action potentials in neurons?

    <p>They involve a rapid change in membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the synapse play in the nervous system?

    <p>Facilitates communication between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is primarily responsible for involuntary bodily functions?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of cable theory in neurophysiology?

    <p>It explains the propagation of electrical signals in neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the role of neurons from that of wire conductors?

    <p>Neurons utilize chemical signaling mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nuclei are considered components of the striatum?

    <p>Caudate nucleus and putamen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary neurotransmitter involved in the functioning of the basal ganglia?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Muscle hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway in the basal ganglia is primarily involved in facilitating movement?

    <p>Direct pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemiballism is primarily caused by lesions in which structure?

    <p>Subthalamic nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic method is commonly used in treating Parkinson’s disease by increasing dopamine levels?

    <p>L-dopa treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is primarily attributed to the cerebellum rather than the basal ganglia?

    <p>Fine motor skills adjustment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the components of the basal ganglia is incorrect?

    <p>The putamen is responsible for emotional processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during depolarization in an action potential?

    <p>Opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the all-or-none principle of action potentials?

    <p>An action potential occurs only if a certain threshold is reached</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the length constant in neurophysiology?

    <p>To define the distance over which an electrotonic signal falls to 37% of its initial value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is common to both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in terms of action potential propagation?

    <p>Both exhibit passive properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following variables is involved in calculating the time constant of a membrane?

    <p>Capacitance and resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of synaptic transmission through ionotropic receptors?

    <p>They directly alter the flow of ions across a membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During repolarization, which of the following events predominantly occurs?

    <p>Inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the propagation of action potentials in myelinated fibers?

    <p>Rapid jumps between nodes of Ranvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of synaptic transmission is characterized by neurotransmitter release that causes an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

    <p>Chemical synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the axon hillock play in action potential generation?

    <p>It integrates synaptic inputs and generates action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the reticular formation?

    <p>Regulation of blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathways is classified as a pyramidal pathway?

    <p>Corticospinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of motor control does the supplementary motor area primarily manage?

    <p>Planning complex movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex allows the eyes to stabilize gaze during head movements?

    <p>Vestibulo-ocular reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of gamma motoneurons?

    <p>Fine-tune muscle spindle sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the brainstem is primarily responsible for the respiratory center?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the brain would you find the primary motor cortex?

    <p>Frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vestibular nuclei in motor control?

    <p>Provide input to antigravity alpha motoneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

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