Untitled Quiz

Module 2: Integrity is the Core of Wellbeing

• Integrity is a core component of wellbeing.
• A quote from the Quran highlights the importance of personal change to effect societal change.
• "Indeed, Allah does not change the state of the people until they change the state of themselves." - Al-Quran, Ar-Ra'd: 11

Importance of National Governance

• Good governance is crucial for a country's prosperity and progress.
• Good governance directly influences the well-being of the people.
• Concrete governance planning promotes transparency, accountability, inclusiveness, and effectiveness. These aspects contribute to a civil, democratic, and well-functioning administration.

Governance

• Governance encompasses several areas:
  • Corporate governance
  • Human governance

Governance / Corporate Governance

• Corporate governance is the process and structure used to direct and manage a company.
• Its aim is driving business prosperity and corporate accountability with a focus on long-term shareholder value while considering other stakeholder interests.
• The High Level Finance Committee Report (1999) defines corporate governance.

Governance / Human Governance

• Human governance revolves around the inherent principles guiding human actions.
• Human behaviour is shaped by a common set of principles. (Salleh and Ahmad, 2010).

Ethics in Life

• Ethics involves understanding right and wrong, good and bad.
• Ethical principles guide individual decision-making in situations requiring choices.

No Integrity - Causes of Corruption

• The lack of integrity is a root cause of corruption.

Meaning of Integrity

• Integrity is characterized by honesty and strong principles, representing a state of wholeness and unity.
• The Oxford Dictionary (2nd Edition 2003) defines this quality.
• The Dewan Dictionary (2000 Edition) defines integrity as honesty, transparency, perfection, and integrity.
• Integrity is a superior quality in individuals and organisations. It aligns closely with ethical conduct. (PIN, 2004)
• Integrity is based on values such as honesty, truth, trust, fairness, responsibility, transparency, efficiency, and wisdom. (Malaysian Integrity Institute)
• Integrity is about doing the right thing even when no one is watching. (C.S. Lewis)

How is the Integrity of Malaysian Society?

• This section questions the current state of integrity within Malaysian society.

Assessing the Integrity of Malaysians?

• This is a testing/evaluation section regarding the level of integrity.

Is this act considered integrity?

• This points towards evaluating specific actions to determine whether they demonstrate integrity.

Actual Cases Without Integrity

• Specific examples of corruption are provided:
• Embezzlement in rice fertiliser subsidies:
  • Rice farmers did not receive fertiliser subsidies.
  • Recipients were not always farmers.
  • Some recipients received from multiple sources.
  • Some recipients exceeded eligibility limits. (Lkan 2012)
• Forging own promotion documents:
  • A director forged promotion documents to gain higher positions and financial benefits. (Seremban 2012, 2015)
• Taking advantage of single mothers:
  • A public official demanded sexual favours in exchange for approving housing applications. (Nov 18, 2014)
• Forging a degree:
  • A factory manager forged a degree to gain employment. (Kuala Lumpur 2016)
• Breach of trust (amil jailed):
  • A religious official misappropriated zakat funds. (Kulaijaya 2011)

Why Individuals Get Caught Up in Corruption and Misuse of Power

• Factors contributing to individuals engaging in corrupt practices are analyzed.

Integrity Deterioration Factors

• Factors that drive the declining integrity level are presented:
  • Poor Leadership
  • Individual Weaknesses
  • Culture Issues
  • Weaknesses in systems and procedures
  • Structures and Institutions Issues
  • Toxic Culture

Individual Weaknesses Contributing to Corruption

• Lack of integrity as an ingrained cultural value
• Poor self-defense mechanisms
• Lack of appreciation for pure values
• Imperfect work ethic
• Greed
• Reflecting on one's own weaknesses
• Life pressure
• Taking chances
• Seeking luxury and extravagance

Poor Leadership Contributing to Corruption

• Failure to set a good example
• Insufficient emphasis on integrity
• Violation of rules and procedures
• Lack of congruence between actions and words.

Weaknesses of Systems and Procedures Contributing to Corruption

• Procedures that are weak and prone to corruption
• Outdated and inappropriate rules
• Lack of transparency
• Insufficient enforcement
• Limited monitoring
• Inadequate resources

Toxic Culture Contributing to Corruption

• Communities that do not value integrity
• Fear of retaliation (for reporting corruption)
• Indifference towards corruption

Structures and Institutions Contributing to Corruption

• Messy and outdated organisational structures
• Unclear or unreasonable organizational goals
• Overlapping responsibilities, lack of coordination between institutions
• Conflicts of objectives between institutions

Contract and Tender; Purchase and Supply; Enforcement and Supervision; Office Property and Assets

• Different areas of governance where integrity issues emerge are highlighted. These specific fields have their own unique integrity issues.

Government Initiatives to Improve Integrity of Public Services

• The government has adopted several initiatives to foster integrity within public services.
  • Key examples are listed, from 1979 to 2019.
    • Excellent Service Guide
    • Time Recorder Card
    • Look East Policy
    • Leadership By Example
    • Islamic Work Ethics
    • National Integrity Plan (PIN)
    • Various value audits and Acts
    • Special Anti-Corruption Committees

Activity (Crossword Puzzle)

• A crossword puzzle related to the topic integrity is given.
• The key is to identify words related to the concept of integrity

Overall

• The presentation emphasizes the importance of integrity, provides real-world examples of corruption and the factors that lead to it, and concludes with recommendations for improvement.