Future Tense: "Will" and "Shall" Usage

Use of "will" and "shall"

• Use "will" to express future events that have not been pre-arranged
• Example: "Kate will pass the driving test" is a prediction of the future

Examples of Future Predictions

• "When they return, they’ll find a lot of changes here" indicates an expected future discovery.
• "'Where will you be this time next year?' 'I’ll be in Japan'" is a question about a future location.
• "If you touch it, you’ll burn yourself" is a prediction of a consequence.
• "You won’t recognise her" suggests a future change in appearance.
• "When will you get your exam results?" questions the future receipt of results.
• "James will go to the party on Friday" suggests a future decision, contrasting with a pre-arranged plan

Common Phrases with "will"

• Common phrases include: probably, I’m sure, I think, I don’t think, and, I wonder.
• Example: "I’ll probably be home late tonight"

Usage with "hope"

• The present tense is generally used after "I hope"
• Example: "I hope Kate passes the driving test"

Additional Uses of "will"

• "will" is used to talk about a current state
• Example: "She’ll be busy" means she is currently likely to be busy

Use of "shall"

• Use "shall" primarily with "I" and "we"
• Examples: "I shall be late this evening" and "We shall probably go to France in June"

Contractions

• "I’ll" and "we’ll" are common in spoken English
• Example: "We’ll probably go to France"

Negative Form

• The negative form of "shall" is "shall not" or "shan’t"
• Example: "I shan’t be here tomorrow"

Restrictions

• "shall" is not used with "he/she/it/you/they"
• Example: Use "She will be very angry" instead of "She shall be"

Exercises 22.1: Using will (’ll) or won’t

• Correct sentences use contractions or negative contractions of "will" to predict future situations or states -"There’s no point in asking Amanda for advice. She won’t know what to do."
• "I’m glad I’m meeting Emma tomorrow. It’ll be good to see her again."
• "I’m sorry about what happened yesterday. It won’t happen again."
• "You don’t need to take an umbrella with you. I don’t think it will rain."
• "I’ve got some incredible news! You won’t believe it."

Exercises 22.2: Completing sentences using will (’ll)

• Correct use of "will" or "’ll" with appropriate verbs to complete predictions or statements about the future.
• "Why don’t you try on this jacket? It’ll look nice on you."
• "You must meet Max sometime. I think you’ll like him."
• "It’s a very nice hotel. You’ll enjoy your stay there."
• "It’s raining hard. Don’t go out. You’ll get very wet."
• "Goodbye! I’m sure we’ll meet again before long."

Exercises 22.3: Forming Questions with "Do you think ... will ... ?"

• This exercise focuses on forming questions about future possibilities and predictions
• "Do you think she’ll like it?"
• "Do you think it will rain?"
• "Do you think the meeting will end soon?"
• "Do you think my car will cost a lot to repair?"
• "Do you think Sally and David will get married?"
• "Do you think he’ll be back on time?"
• "Do you think the future will happen as expected?"

Exercises 22.4: Personal Sentences about Future Locations

• Formulate self-predictions about one's location at specified future times using "I’ll be", "I’ll probably be", or "I don’t know where".
• Example: "I’ll probably be at home"

Exercises 22.5: Choosing Between Present Continuous and Future "will"

• Differentiating between arranged future actions (present continuous) and simple future predictions ("will")
• Lisa isn’t free on Saturday. She’s working
• It was an amazing experience. I’ll never forget it.
• Something very funny happened. You’ll laugh when I tell you about it.
• I’m going to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too?
• Who do you think will win the game tomorrow?
• I can’t meet you this evening. A friend of mine is coming to see me.
• Don’t be afraid of the dog. It won’t hurt you.
• What will happen if I press this button?
• Yes, we’re going to Italy.