Future of Cereal Crops and Production Challenges Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of stalk rot in plants?

Bacterial enzymes that degrade cell walls (correct)

Vascular disorders that block water flow

Excessive branching and witches' broom

Viral infections causing mosaic patterns

Which of the following is an example of bacterial blight in plants?

Bacterial wilt of corn

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae - bacterial leaf blight of rice (correct)

Bacterial leaf streak of rice

Bacterial stalk rot of corn

What is the main characteristic of a virus as described in the text?

It can only multiply intracellularly as an obligate parasite (correct)

It produces hydrolytic enzymes that degrade plant cell walls

It causes vascular disorders that block the flow of water

It is a eukaryotic organism with a filamentous mycelium

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of viral infection in plants?

Bacterial wilt Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of fungi as described in the text?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical virus that infects rice plants?

Tungro virus Signup and view all the answers

What was affirmed in the 1996 Rome Declaration on World Food Security?

That more than 800 million people worldwide lack sufficient food. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason preventing the fulfilment of essential food needs?

Overpopulation Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to continue or grow significantly unless immediate action is taken?

Hunger and food insecurity problems Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the increase in world population and the stress on natural resources mentioned in the text?

The increase in world population has led to an increase in stress on natural resources. Signup and view all the answers

How has global food production changed in the past 50 years?

It has tripled. Signup and view all the answers

What was the world's population in 2012 according to the text?

7 billion Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure used to quantify light intensity received by plants?

Foot-candles Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate range of light intensity required for plants to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates?

2.8 to 10 nm Signup and view all the answers

According to the Corona classification, which type of climate has a pronounced dry season lasting for seven months with less than 50mm precipitation?

Type 1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about plant species and light intensity is true?

Plant species differ in their responses to light intensity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions experiences a Type 2 climate according to the Corona classification?

Catanduanes and Sorsogon Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the sun's energy reaches the Earth's surface?

47% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the radiation used by plants to fix carbon dioxide during photosynthesis?

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of climate has no pronounced dry season and relatively even rainfall distribution throughout the year?

Type 4 Signup and view all the answers

In which region does the Type 3 climate prevail, according to the Corona classification?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the effect of light on plant development?

Photocybernetic effect Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is NOT true about the Corona classification of climate types?

It considers temperature variations as the primary factor. Signup and view all the answers

Which region experiences a Type 1 climate?

Western part of Luzon Signup and view all the answers

What does the efficiency in water utilization express?

The competitive ability of the species Signup and view all the answers

What is the water requirement for Portulaca, a succulent weed, to produce 1 g of dry matter?

253 g Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding fertilizer when weeds are present in the crop?

It results in a low yield Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of removing weeds when fertilizer is added to the crop?

The crop benefits considerably from the added fertilizer Signup and view all the answers

Why do weeds often outgrow the crop in a short period of time?

Weeds have a faster growth rate than the crop Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Diseases and Nutrition

Stalk rot in plants is primarily caused by fungi, leading to decay in the stalk and weakening of the plant structure.
Bacterial blight in plants is exemplified by the disease affecting beans, known for causing leaf spots and wilting.
A key characteristic of viruses is their inability to replicate independently; they require a host cell to reproduce.
Typical symptoms of viral infection in plants include stunted growth, not typically presenting as wilting or leaf drop.
Fungi are defined by their inability to produce chlorophyll, unlike plants, and they absorb nutrients through absorption from their environment.
The typical virus that infects rice plants is the Rice Yellow Mottled Virus, which affects yield and quality.

Food Security Insights

The 1996 Rome Declaration on World Food Security emphasized the right to adequate food for all individuals.
Reasons preventing the fulfillment of essential food needs do not include an increase in food production capability.
The escalation of world population is likely to exacerbate stress on natural resources, intensifying competition for limited resources.
Over the past 50 years, global food production has increased significantly, yet challenges in food security persist.
The world's population in 2012 was approximately 7 billion, reflecting rapid growth and the need for sustainable food systems.

Light and Plant Growth

Light intensity received by plants is quantified using photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).
Plants generally require an approximate light intensity range of 200 to 1,500 µmol/m²/s to effectively reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates through photosynthesis.
In the Corona classification of climates, a Type 1 climate features a pronounced dry season lasting seven months with precipitation less than 50mm.
Statements regarding plant species and light intensity indicate that different species have varying light requirements for optimal growth.
Regions likely to experience a Type 2 climate in the Corona classification include tropical zones with distinct wet and dry seasons.

Energy and Climate

Approximately 45% of the sun’s energy reaches the Earth's surface, impacting photosynthesis and plant growth.
The term "photons" describes the radiation used by plants to fix carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
Climate types with no pronounced dry season and evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year are classified as Type 3.

Weeds and Crop Interaction

The Type 3 climate prevails in regions with moderate rainfall, such as temperate climates.
The effect of light on plant development is termed photomorphogenesis, influencing growth patterns.
Not every statement about the Corona classification is accurate; specific conditions must be verified.
Regions experiencing Type 1 climate zones often include areas with limited rainfall and high temperatures.
Water-use efficiency expresses how well plants utilize available water resources, critical for growth in arid conditions.
Portulaca, a succulent weed, requires approximately 200 liters of water to produce 1 gram of dry matter, showcasing its adaptation to dry environments.
Adding fertilizer in the presence of weeds can lead to increased competition for nutrients, often hindering crop growth.
Removing weeds after fertilizer application enhances crop growth by reducing competition for resources.
Weeds often outgrow crops due to their faster growth rates and aggressive competition for light, nutrients, and water.

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Test your knowledge on the future of cereal crops, production challenges, and problems faced in cereal crops production. Explore key issues related to hunger, malnutrition, and food security highlighted at the World Food Summit.