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Questions and Answers
A fungus exhibiting dimorphism can grow in which of the following forms depending on the environmental temperature?
A fungus exhibiting dimorphism can grow in which of the following forms depending on the environmental temperature?
- Exclusively as unicellular yeast regardless of the temperature.
- As coenocytic hyphae at lower temperatures and septate hyphae at higher temperatures.
- As yeast in tissues at 37°C and as mold in natural environment at 25°C. (correct)
- Exclusively as multicellular mold regardless of the temperature.
Which characteristic distinguishes septate hyphae from coenocytic hyphae?
Which characteristic distinguishes septate hyphae from coenocytic hyphae?
- Septate hyphae are unicellular, while coenocytic hyphae are multicellular.
- Septate hyphae reproduce sexually, while coenocytic hyphae reproduce asexually.
- Septate hyphae are found only in yeasts, while coenocytic hyphae are found only in molds.
- Septate hyphae have cross walls, while coenocytic hyphae do not. (correct)
Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction in fungi?
Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction in fungi?
- Fertilization
- Meiosis
- Genetic recombination
- Budding (correct)
What symbiotic relationship is present in lichens?
What symbiotic relationship is present in lichens?
Which type of asexual spore is enclosed within a sac-like structure?
Which type of asexual spore is enclosed within a sac-like structure?
How do conidia differ from sporangiospores?
How do conidia differ from sporangiospores?
Which type of conidium is formed by budding from a parent cell?
Which type of conidium is formed by budding from a parent cell?
What distinguishes microconidia from macroconidia?
What distinguishes microconidia from macroconidia?
A spore that develops by growing out through small pores is known as:
A spore that develops by growing out through small pores is known as:
Which of the following genera is known to cause infections of the hair, skin, and nails?
Which of the following genera is known to cause infections of the hair, skin, and nails?
Which genus of fungi typically infects both the skin and nails, but not hair?
Which genus of fungi typically infects both the skin and nails, but not hair?
Which of the following conditions is commonly known as jock itch?
Which of the following conditions is commonly known as jock itch?
Athlete's foot is clinically referred to as:
Athlete's foot is clinically referred to as:
Which Tinea infection is characterized by lesions on the head?
Which Tinea infection is characterized by lesions on the head?
Which fungal infection is caused by Sporothrix schenckii?
Which fungal infection is caused by Sporothrix schenckii?
Candida albicans is the causative agent of which of the following conditions?
Candida albicans is the causative agent of which of the following conditions?
Which condition related to Candida albicans commonly manifests in infants as a skin rash?
Which condition related to Candida albicans commonly manifests in infants as a skin rash?
An overgrowth of Candida albicans in the mouth leads to which condition?
An overgrowth of Candida albicans in the mouth leads to which condition?
Which of the following factors can predispose an individual to candidiasis?
Which of the following factors can predispose an individual to candidiasis?
Superficial mycoses primarily affect which part of the body?
Superficial mycoses primarily affect which part of the body?
A patient presents with a fungal infection of the nail. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A patient presents with a fungal infection of the nail. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Following a gardening accident, a patient develops sporotrichosis. What is the most likely source of the infection?
Following a gardening accident, a patient develops sporotrichosis. What is the most likely source of the infection?
An immunocompromised patient develops an oral yeast infection. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
An immunocompromised patient develops an oral yeast infection. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
A patient is diagnosed with tinea corporis. Where on the body is this infection located?
A patient is diagnosed with tinea corporis. Where on the body is this infection located?
How does growing as a yeast benefit a dimorphic fungus within host tissues?
How does growing as a yeast benefit a dimorphic fungus within host tissues?
What is the primary ecological role of the hyphae in lichens?
What is the primary ecological role of the hyphae in lichens?
Why is correct identification of conidia important in mycology?
Why is correct identification of conidia important in mycology?
Which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to a Candida albicans infection?
Which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to a Candida albicans infection?
How does Sporothrix schenckii typically enter the body to cause infection?
How does Sporothrix schenckii typically enter the body to cause infection?
What environmental condition is most likely to support the growth of molds versus yeasts for a dimorphic fungus?
What environmental condition is most likely to support the growth of molds versus yeasts for a dimorphic fungus?
What is the primary difference between the mechanism of action of antifungal drugs targeting ergosterol versus those targeting chitin?
What is the primary difference between the mechanism of action of antifungal drugs targeting ergosterol versus those targeting chitin?
A researcher discovers a new fungal species with hyphae that lack septa. How should this species be classified based on hyphal structure?
A researcher discovers a new fungal species with hyphae that lack septa. How should this species be classified based on hyphal structure?
In a lichen, what is the key advantage that the fungal component receives from its symbiotic relationship with algae or cyanobacteria?
In a lichen, what is the key advantage that the fungal component receives from its symbiotic relationship with algae or cyanobacteria?
Why might a patient with a suppressed immune system be more susceptible to a fungal infection than a healthy individual?
Why might a patient with a suppressed immune system be more susceptible to a fungal infection than a healthy individual?
A patient presents with a chronic skin infection. Microscopic examination reveals the presence of arthrospores. Which type of fungal infection is most likely?
A patient presents with a chronic skin infection. Microscopic examination reveals the presence of arthrospores. Which type of fungal infection is most likely?
If a new drug inhibits the formation of the sporangium, which process in the fungal life cycle is being targeted?
If a new drug inhibits the formation of the sporangium, which process in the fungal life cycle is being targeted?
Which selective advantage do dimorphic fungi gain by switching from mold to yeast form within a human host?
Which selective advantage do dimorphic fungi gain by switching from mold to yeast form within a human host?
A new antifungal drug is discovered that specifically disrupts the formation of septa in hyphae. What type of fungi would this drug be most effective against?
A new antifungal drug is discovered that specifically disrupts the formation of septa in hyphae. What type of fungi would this drug be most effective against?
How does the presence of melanin in the cell walls of certain fungi contribute to their pathogenicity?
How does the presence of melanin in the cell walls of certain fungi contribute to their pathogenicity?
What is the significance of genetic recombination in the fungal lifecycle?
What is the significance of genetic recombination in the fungal lifecycle?
Flashcards
Fungal Forms
Fungal Forms
Fungi are morphologically divided into mushrooms, yeasts, and molds.
Dimorphic Fungi
Dimorphic Fungi
Fungi that can switch between yeast form at 37°C (in tissues) and mold form at 25°C (in environment/lab).
Fungal Life Cycle
Fungal Life Cycle
Reproduction occurs asexually (budding) or sexually (genetic recombination).
Lichens
Lichens
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Sporangiospores
Sporangiospores
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Conidia (conidiospores)
Conidia (conidiospores)
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Arthrospore
Arthrospore
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Chlamydospore
Chlamydospore
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Blastospore
Blastospore
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Phialospore
Phialospore
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Microconidium/Macroconidium
Microconidium/Macroconidium
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Porospore
Porospore
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Dermatomycoses
Dermatomycoses
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Trichophyton
Trichophyton
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Epidermophyton
Epidermophyton
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Microsporum
Microsporum
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Tinea Capitis
Tinea Capitis
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Tinea Corporis
Tinea Corporis
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Tinea Cruris
Tinea Cruris
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Tinea Unguium
Tinea Unguium
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Tinea Pedis
Tinea Pedis
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Tinea Versicolor
Tinea Versicolor
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Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis
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Candidiasis
Candidiasis
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Study Notes
- Fungi are morphologically divided into mushrooms, yeasts, and molds.
- Some fungi are dimorphic and can grow as either yeasts at 37°C in tissues or as molds at 25°C in natural environments and labs.
- Fungi can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen.
- Fungi can be multicellular (hyphae) or unicellular organisms.
- Hyphae with cross walls are called septate hyphae, while those without septa are called coenocytic hyphae.
- Fungi reproduce asexually through budding or sexually through genetic recombination.
- Lichens consist of hyphae and cyanobacteria or green algae.
Asexual Spores
- Sporangiospores are spores inside a sac called a sporangium.
- Conidia (condiospores) are spores not enclosed by a sac.
Conidia
- Arthrospores are rectangular spores.
- Chlamydospores are spherical spores.
- Blastospores are buds from a parent cell.
- Phialospores are buds from the mouth of a vase-shaped cell.
- Microconidia and macroconidia are spores formed by the same fungus under different conditions; microconidia are one-celled, while macroconidia have two or more cells.
- Porospores grow out through small pores.
Pathogenic Fungi
- Cause superficial mycoses or cutaneous mycoses
Dermatomycoses
- Also known as Tinea or ringworm
- Trichophyton: infects hair, skin, and nails
- Epidermophyton: infects skin and nails
- Microsporum: infects hair and skin
- Tinea capitis: affects the scalp
- Tinea corporis: affects the body
- Tinea cruris: (Jock itch) affects the groin area
- Tinea unguium: affects the nails
- Tinea pedis: (Athlete’s foot) affects the feet
- Tinea versicolor: causes discolored patches on the skin
Other Fungal Infections
- Sporotrichosis is caused by Sporothrix schenckii.
- Candidiasis is caused by Candida albicans and may result from suppression of immunity, commonly causing genitourinary tract infections (vaginal yeast infection), diaper rash in infants, and mouth infections (oral thrush).
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