Fungi Characteristics and Classification Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the characteristics of planogametic copulation in fungi?

Fusion of one motile and one non-motile gamete (correct)

Involves gametes encased in protective structures

Fusion of two motile gametes (correct)

Occurs only in terrestrial fungi

Which component forms the cell wall of non-motile fungi?

Lignin

Chitin (correct)

Cellulose

Pectin

What is the defining feature of coenocytic hyphae observed in Zygomycetes?

Have thickened walls for protection

Contain multiple septa

Are non-septate and multinucleate (correct)

Are primarily reproductive structures

What type of spores are borne on the inside of the fruiting body in certain fungi?

Ascospore Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the cell wall of higher fungi is correct?

It contains chitin and can also include cellulose. Signup and view all the answers

What type of spores are formed by the thickening of mycelium?

Chlamydospores Signup and view all the answers

In the life cycle of endomycetales, which phase is characterized as being very long?

Haplobiontic phase Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is characteristic of basidiomycetes, such as smuts and rusts?

Sporangiophores Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of cleistothecium that contains asci?

Globular Signup and view all the answers

What is the ploidy level of basidiospores?

Haploid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the spores produced by members of the order Chytridiales?

They are motile and flagellated. Signup and view all the answers

Which family is known for causing diseases such as powdery mildew?

Erysiphaceae Signup and view all the answers

What defines the process known as Dikaryotization during fungal reproduction?

Fusion of two distinct nuclei in a dikaryon. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage in the sexual reproduction of fungi involves the fusion of haploid nuclei?

Karyogamy Signup and view all the answers

In basidiomycetes, what is the fate of the primary mycelium?

It is short-lived and transforms into secondary mycelium. Signup and view all the answers

The distinctive three phases of the sexual reproductive cycle of fungi include which of the following?

Plasmogamy, Karyogamy, Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes ascospores?

They are produced within a specialized structure called the Ascus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of cell walls in Zygomycetes?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What type of mycelium grows above the agar surface?

Aerial mycelium Signup and view all the answers

Which spores are formed by fragmentation of septate mycelium at the septa?

Arthrospores Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true about the basidiospores?

They are usually uninucleate and haploid. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding moulds?

Moulds are filamentous fungi. Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of sclerotia in fungi?

Acting as resistant resting structures Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the diploid phase of the fungi life cycle?

It begins with karyogamy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about zoospores is true?

Zoospores are non-motile spores. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the clamp connection in Basidiomycetes?

To support karyogamy in hyphal cells Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'heterothallic' refer to in fungi?

Species that rely on external partners for reproduction. Signup and view all the answers

How do the Basidiomycetes differ from other fungi classes?

They produce spores known as basidiospores. Signup and view all the answers

In which structure do ascospores develop endogenously?

Ascus Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of yeast fungi?

They primarily reproduce via budding. Signup and view all the answers

Which process is involved in the sexual reproduction of Schizosaccharomyces?

Formation of gametangia. Signup and view all the answers

Which spores are produced endogenously within a fruiting body?

Ascospores Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproductive structure is characteristic of the Plectomycetes?

Closed fructification of perithecium Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between basidiospores and the ascus in Ascomycetes?

Basidiospores are generative spores produced by Basidiomycetes. Signup and view all the answers

Chlamydospores are commonly found in which context?

As a result of asexual reproduction. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure characterizes the sexual stage of some fungi with appendages?

Suspensor with coiled appendages. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Revision Mycology - True or False

Chlamydospores form by septate mycelium fragmentation at septa. (TRUE)
Plectomycetes have a closed fructification (apothecium). (FALSE)
Mycelium gives a colony's color, texture, and appearance. (TRUE)
Basidiospores are produced exogenously on the basidium. (TRUE)
Order Mucorales is a sub class biflagellates (TRUE)

Mycelium

Mycelium grows above agar surface is aerial mycelium.
Arthrospores are spores formed by septate mycelial fragmentation.
Filamentous fungi are heterotrophic.
Moulds are a type of filamentous fungus.
Sclerotia are a dense group of hyphae, acting as resistant resting structures..
Basidiospores are usually haploid and uninucleate.
Zoospores are non-motile.
Clamp connections are characteristic of Basidiomycetes primary mycelium.
Ascomycete walls contain cellulose and chitin.
Fungi lack chlorophyll and are living organisms.

Mycelial Structure and Processes

Mycelium is the entire vegetative body of a single thallus.
Dikaryotization is when primary mycelium changes to secondary.
The basidium bears a specific number of basidiospores.
Ascospores are endogenously produced in asci
Members of Peronosporales cause powdery mildew.
Primary basidiomycete mycelium has a short life span.
Ascospores are characteristic of aquatic fungi.
Zygomycete walls primarily consist of cellulose.
Karyogamy is the fusion of two dikaryon nuclei, creating a diploid.
Planogametic copulation involves fusing motile gametes, forming a zygote.
Chitin is a major component of non-motile fungi cell walls.
Hyphae can be coenocytic, especially in Zygomycetes.

Spore Formation and Reproduction

Aerial hyphae penetrate the surface medium and absorb nutrients.
Filamentous hyphae can be yeast-like (unicellular).
Fusion of two compatible nuclei initiates sexual reproduction.
Cleistothecia are fruiting bodies in Discomycetes.
Zoosporangia are structures in some aquatic fungi life cycles.
Cellulose is found in the cell walls of higher fungi.
Heterothallic species are self-sterile.
Fungi are often similar to green plants in having cell walls.
Some zygomycota have cross walls (septa).
Basidiomycetes differ. They produce zygospores.
Yeast fungi are unicellular.
Ascus contains 16 sexual spores. (40)
Ascospores are endogenously produced in the basidium. (41)
Rhizopus are in the Aflagellates. (42)
Plectomycetes have a perithecium. (43)
Schizosacchromyces ascus formation occurs by gametangial fusion. (44)
Biflaggellated fungi form zoosporangia. (45)
Ascomycota are soil decomposers and produce certain antibiotics.
Chlamydospores are common in some groups, often abundant.
Cunninghamella is a coprophilous genus, growing rapidly/producing sporangiophores on dung.
Smut and rust are basidiomycetes fungi. (50)

Classification and Morphology

Order Chytridiales produce uniflagellate spores. (8)
Erysiphaceae members cause powdery mildew. (9)
Spermatization is the transfer of spermatia to female gametangia. (10)
Meiosis restores the haploid condition. (11)
Gamttangia are sex organs of fungi. (12)
Motile gametes are called planogametes. (14)
Leptomitales is a class. (17)
Spores are borne inside the fruiting body (14): Ascospores
Plasmodium fusion is a typical feature of some fungi and not all sexual reproduction needs contact. (21)
Yeast fungi are described as unicellular (22)
Fungi mitotic division is zygotic (23)
Endomycetales is an order in ascomycetes (25)
Spores produced from fruiting bodies are called ascospores (26)
Mucorales is in the Aflagellates. (27)
Hyphae with structures are called the suspensors (28)
Mycomycota class is categorized by spore types. (29)
Asci enclosed in a cleistothecium take a globular shape (30)
Vegetative mycelia grow beneath the agar surface (31)
Chlamydospores thicken during the formation process (32).
Haplobiontic fungi have a short diploid phase compared to their haploid phase (33)
Basidiospores are commonly uninucleate and haploid (34)

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Description

Test your knowledge on the characteristics of fungi, including planogametic copulation, cell wall structures, and specific reproductive characteristics of various fungal groups. This quiz covers essential aspects of mycology related to both motile and non-motile fungi, as well as their lifecycle stages.