Fungal Infections of the Respiratory Tract

Which type of infections are more common than fungal infections of the lung?

What is the range of virulence for fungal infections of the lung?

Which population is at an increased risk for invasive fungal infections?

Which group of patients is NOT included in the population at risk for invasive fungal infections?

What is the main reason for the surge in rates of invasive fungal infections?

Which of the following is a characteristic of opportunistic fungal infections?

Which of the following is the most prevalent opportunistic fungal infection?

Which fungal infection is the leading cause of infection-related death in stem cell transplant recipients?

Which of the following is NOT a major endemic mycosis found in North America and Africa?

Endemic fungal infections are primarily influenced by which factors?

Which regions are home to three major endemic mycoses?

Which of the following fungal infections is considered an endemic dimorphic mycosis?

Which of the following fungal infections can cause invasive disease only in immunocompromised patients?

Which category of mycoses can cause disease in both normal and immunocompromised patients?

Which fungal pathogen is commonly found growing on human skin or mucosa and does not require a shift to a spore form to infect a host?

Which fungal pathogen forms cysts with sexual spores, but it is unclear if they play a role in spreading infection to new hosts?

Which species of Candida is the most frequently isolated from respiratory samples?

Which predisposing clinical circumstances are commonly associated with Candida pneumonia?

What is the prevalence of Candida pneumonia?

In which part of the body is Candida pneumonia primarily observed?

Which species is the most frequent cause of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA)?

How are Aspergillus conidia primarily transmitted?

How are Aspergillus conidia typically eliminated by the human body?

Which patient population is commonly affected by respiratory infections caused by Aspergillus spp.?

Which of the following animals is NOT commonly affected by Blastomycosis?

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Blastomycosis?

Which organism causes blastomycosis in humans and other animals?

What is another name for blastomycosis?

Which immune cells are involved in the phagocytosis of Blastomyces dermatitidis conidia in the lungs?

What happens to some of the inhaled conidia of B. dermatitidis after phagocytosis?

What is the treatment of choice for most forms of blastomycosis?

What can be said about the cure rates in blastomycosis with appropriate treatment?

Which cells are responsible for engulfing and neutralizing fungi in the lungs?

What is the term for collections of immune cells that form in response to fungal infection?

What are the long-term consequences of fungal infections in the lungs?

What can be seen on X-ray images years after a fungal infection?

How do most pulmonary fungal infections occur?

How is fungal infection typically controlled in healthy individuals?

What is the characteristic ability of some fungi that enables them to evade destruction by macrophages?

Which of the following is the most effective preventive measure for individuals at risk of fungal infections?

Which antifungal class presents the widest spectrum of activity?

Which azole is active against Mucorales?

Which antifungal medication is not active against filamentous fungi?

What is the mechanism of action of azoles?

Which organism is the most common cause of opportunistic infection in persons with HIV infection?

What is the recommended treatment for mild, moderate, or severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP)?

When are corticosteroids used as adjunctive initial therapy for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP)?

Which treatment has been shown to be as effective as intravenous pentamidine in managing PJP/PCP?

Which of the following is the most common route of transmission for Cryptococcus neoformans?

What are the recommended treatment options for Cryptococcus neoformans infection?

Cryptococcosis neoformans is a defining opportunistic infection for which condition?