Fundamentos de Sociología - UDIT

Universidad de Diseño, Innovación y Tecnología (UDIT)

• Institución educativa focused on design, innovation, and technology.

Tema 1: Fundamentos de Sociología

• Definición: Sociología is the study of social behavior, groups, and societal organization.
• Approaches: Sociologists analyze social phenomena through examining social aggregates (groups of people in common space or time) and aggregated data (summary statistics about a population group).
• Areas of Study: Sociology encompasses a vast array of topics like family, religion, education, businesses, government, science, and more. It also looks at societal markers such as inequality, culture, criminality, and migration.

Sociología según su ámbito de estudio

• Subfields: Shows sociology subdivided into areas of focus, such as sociology of territory, gender, politics, emotions, body, and fashion.

Modernidad Sólida y Líquida

• Modernidad Sólida: Characterized by rigid social institutions, predictable futures, and strong national identities based on certainty and stability. This period had strong belief in the potential for progress and a belief in solving societal problems through institutions.
• Modernidad Líquida: Characterized by unstable social institutions, uncertain futures, and fluid identities, often due to globalization and economic changes. This period has a greater emphasis on contingency and uncertainty.

Tendencias

• Definition: Trends are the changes in fashion over a specific period of time. It consists of the latest new styles, or a particular aspect of fashion (e.g., clothing style, accessories) relevant to a particular time or place.
• Types: Differentiates between macro-trends (lasting longer) vs. micro-trends (short-lived).
• Significance: Explains how these affect society (and how people/groups adopt).

Estereotipos

• Definition: Stereotypes are pre-conceived notions or generalized images about people or groups, often lacking in basis or evidence. This means that they often exaggerate qualities attributed to groups or individuals. They're frequently seen in several settings, such as mass media.
• Impact: Shows how stereotypes influence people's behavior or decisions.

Otros

• Auguste Comte: Founder of sociology as a positive science, advocating for scientific observation of social phenomena.
• Karl Marx: Developed historical materialism suggesting that historical change is shaped by economic forces and class conflict.
• Emile Durkheim: Focused on social facts, highlighting how social structures shape individual behavior. He studied suicide rates and links to social integration/regulation.
• Max Weber: Pioneered the concept of "interpretive sociology". He emphasized understanding social actions from the actors' perspectives.
• Ludwig Wittgenstein: Focused on language and the role it plays in shaping human understanding, emphasizing the importance of meaning and action.
• Bruno Latour: Advocate for Actor-Network Theory, emphasizing the interwoven relationships between humans and non-humans to understand how societies evolve.
• Eliseo Verón: Focused on the analysis of media and semiotic processes, including the externalization of mental processes, and how representations influence the understanding of society and social phenomena.
• Zygmunt Bauman: Notable for his concept of liquid modernity, explaining the complexities of contemporary, transient societies. He critiqued a world based on solid institutions with the focus on contingency and uncertainty.