Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of testing software?
What is the primary goal of testing software?
- To prevent defects. (correct)
- To satisfy the development team.
- To demonstrate the software is error-free.
- To find as many defects as possible.
In an Agile environment, the roles of tester and debugger are strictly separated.
In an Agile environment, the roles of tester and debugger are strictly separated.
False (B)
Name three objectives of software testing.
Name three objectives of software testing.
Prevent defects, detect defects, gain confidence.
The cost of fixing an anomaly increases drastically if it is found during the ______ phase.
The cost of fixing an anomaly increases drastically if it is found during the ______ phase.
Match the following test terms with their descriptions:
Match the following test terms with their descriptions:
According to the ISTQB, which statement about testing is correct?
According to the ISTQB, which statement about testing is correct?
Increased test frequency reduces the need for continuous test maintenance.
Increased test frequency reduces the need for continuous test maintenance.
Name three characteristics required of good testers.
Name three characteristics required of good testers.
According to ISO 25000, an example of a non-functional requirement is ______.
According to ISO 25000, an example of a non-functional requirement is ______.
Match the following Quality Software Characteristics based on the ISO/IEC 25010 Standard:
Match the following Quality Software Characteristics based on the ISO/IEC 25010 Standard:
While performing debugging what is the initial input?
While performing debugging what is the initial input?
Exhaustive testing guarantees that a software application is entirely error-free.
Exhaustive testing guarantees that a software application is entirely error-free.
What are the two kind of tests that can be determined based on objective by the tests?
What are the two kind of tests that can be determined based on objective by the tests?
Test ______ are regularly updated to detect new defects.
Test ______ are regularly updated to detect new defects.
Match the test to correct description
Match the test to correct description
In white box testing, what is the process?
In white box testing, what is the process?
A test plan elaborates how to find defects.
A test plan elaborates how to find defects.
Name three items included in a Test Plan?
Name three items included in a Test Plan?
The acronym EDB stands for ______.
The acronym EDB stands for ______.
Match the defect origin based on project pahse
Match the defect origin based on project pahse
How would you refer to Test Manager in a agile way of working?
How would you refer to Test Manager in a agile way of working?
The software development process of extreme coding has more iterations.
The software development process of extreme coding has more iterations.
What is RAD model?
What is RAD model?
In agile scrum the ______ occurs daily
In agile scrum the ______ occurs daily
What belongs to Tests Alpha ?
What belongs to Tests Alpha ?
When is the most appropriate stage to be involved in the project for a test engineer?
When is the most appropriate stage to be involved in the project for a test engineer?
In the waterfall methodology Test is early.
In the waterfall methodology Test is early.
What is the last cycle of the spiral model?
What is the last cycle of the spiral model?
In agile the phases are named ______.
In agile the phases are named ______.
Match the following phases based on models sequential:
Match the following phases based on models sequential:
What is test d'acceptance?
What is test d'acceptance?
A test should always start earlier.
A test should always start earlier.
What do Tests (non)regression verify?
What do Tests (non)regression verify?
Tests ______ vs Non-Fonctionnels categorize and attribute to test.
Tests ______ vs Non-Fonctionnels categorize and attribute to test.
Classify the goal of black box testing
Classify the goal of black box testing
Which is an important consideration for tests d'acceptation operationnelle?
Which is an important consideration for tests d'acceptation operationnelle?
In all cases the goal of black box testers is to verify the specifications?
In all cases the goal of black box testers is to verify the specifications?
Which is the final objective in black box testing?
Which is the final objective in black box testing?
When there is a changements dans l'environnement then the test will be that of the ______ interfacés.
When there is a changements dans l'environnement then the test will be that of the ______ interfacés.
Select the the categories of models de développment based.
Select the the categories of models de développment based.
Flashcards
Prévention des défauts
Prévention des défauts
Prévenir l'apparition de défauts dans le logiciel avant qu'ils ne surviennent.
Détection des défauts
Détection des défauts
Identifier les défauts et les défaillances qui existent dans le logiciel.
Acquisition de confiance
Acquisition de confiance
Augmenter la confiance dans le fonctionnement correct du logiciel.
Soutien à la décision
Soutien à la décision
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Réduction des risques
Réduction des risques
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Amélioration de la qualité
Amélioration de la qualité
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Débogage
Débogage
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Définition d'une exigence
Définition d'une exigence
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Exigence fonctionnelle
Exigence fonctionnelle
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Exigence non fonctionnelle
Exigence non fonctionnelle
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Norme ISO/IEC 25010
Norme ISO/IEC 25010
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Défaut
Défaut
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Défaillance
Défaillance
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Cause racine
Cause racine
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Effet
Effet
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Base de test
Base de test
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Condition de test
Condition de test
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Processus de test
Processus de test
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Testware
Testware
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Oracle de test
Oracle de test
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Vérification
Vérification
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Validation
Validation
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Tests et défauts
Tests et défauts
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Tests exhaustifs
Tests exhaustifs
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Tests précoces
Tests précoces
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Regroupement de défauts
Regroupement de défauts
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Usure des tests
Usure des tests
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Contexte des tests
Contexte des tests
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Absence d'erreurs
Absence d'erreurs
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Plan de test
Plan de test
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Critères de début et de fin de test
Critères de début et de fin de test
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Risques qualité
Risques qualité
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Risques projet
Risques projet
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Rapports d'avancement et de synthèse
Rapports d'avancement et de synthèse
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Base de test
Base de test
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Exigences de test
Exigences de test
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Actions correctives
Actions correctives
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Cas de test
Cas de test
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Study Notes
Fondamentaux & Processus de test
Plan du cours:
- Objectifs et Principes des tests
- Processus de test
- Types de test
- Niveaux de test
- Le test dans le cycle de vie du développement logiciel SDLC
- Outils de support aux tests
Objectifs du test
- Prévenir les défauts.
- Détecter les défauts et les défaillances.
- Acquérir de la confiance.
- Fournir les informations nécessaires aux parties prenantes pour faciliter leurs décisions (Go/NoGo).
- Réduire le risque de dysfonctionnement.
- Améliorer la qualité.
Test et débogage
- Tester (Testeur) is different than Debugger (Developper).
- Tester executes tests to cause defects/failures.
- Debugger finds, analyzes, and fixes defects and verifies proper correction/absence of regression.
- Person in agile can be developer and/or tester.
Pourquoi les tests sont-ils nécessaires ? : Qualité
- Tests needed to to gain "Quality".
- Ensure alignment of the developed product with business needs.
Pourquoi les tests sont-ils nécessaires ? : Coût/Délai
- Cost of resolving anomaly depends whether it is found in Qualification, or after production.
- The cost can range from 1 to 1000, depending on when it is discovered.
- 56% of bugs come from the specification phase.
Définition des exigences
- An requirement is a condition/capability needed by a stakeholder to solve a problem/objective.
- It also must be a condition to which the solution/component must respond or possess to meet a norm.
- Functional Requirement: relative to function that a system must fulfill (Que fait le système?).
- Ex: Business Process, Functionality, Use Case, User Story, Rule Management.
- Non-functional Requirement: relative to a constraint that the system must conform to (Comment est fait le système?).
- Ex: Performance, Compatibility, Usability, Reliability, Security, Maintainability, Portability.
Caractéristiques Qualité Logiciel - norme ISO/IEC 25010
- Adéquation Fonctionnelle: Complétude, Exactitude, Pertinence Fonctionnelle.
- Performance: Temps de réponse, Utilisation des ressources, Capacité.
- Compatibilité: Coexistence, Interopérabilité.
- Capacité d'interaction (Utilisabilité): Reconnaissance de la pertinence, Apprentissage, Opérabilité, Protection against user errors.
- Fiabilité: Maturité, Disponibilité, Robustesse, Récupérabilité.
- Sécurité: Confidentialité, Intégrité, Rejet (non-rejet), Responsabilité, Authenticité.
- Maintenabilité: Modularité, Réutilisabilité, Analysibilité, Facilité de Modification, Testabilité.
- Flexibilité (Portabilité): Adaptabilité, Évolutivité, Facilité d'Installation, Facilité de Remplacement.
- Sureté: Operational constraint, Risk identification, Integrated security, Danger alert, Integrated security.
Erreurs, défauts, défaillances et causes racine
- Cause Racine: Erreur humaine.
- Défaut: in the code or documentation of the underlying error.
- Défaillance: result of running a defect in the code, causing system not functioning as expected.
- Effet: Consequences, prejudice for the final user: dissatisfaction, damage, etc.
Définitions clés
- Base de test: All knowledge used as a basis for test analysis and design.
- Conditions de test: An aspect of the test basis that is useful for achieving goals (Quoi tester).
- Testware: Products of activities during the test process used for planning, design, execution, evaluation, and reporting.
- Oracle de test: A source for determing a result compared to system test's actual result.
- Vérification: Product conformity versus objective specified requirements.
- Validation: Product conformity to objective business needs.
Principes du test selon ISTQB
- Les tests montrent la présence de défauts, pas leur absence It is not possible to show that a software contains no defects.
- Les tests exhaustifs sont impossibles Select what to test and base the test on risks, priority, and test techniques.
- Tester tôt économise du temps et de l'argent Discover defects early to prevent propagation and multiplication later.
- Regroupement des défauts Defects are grouped into certain functional/technical modules, needing targeted effort.
- Usure des tests Tests need renewal regularly to discover new defects.
- Les tests dépendent du contexte The approach and objective of test must be adapted in context.
- L'absence d’erreurs est une illusion Errors happen as a part of the project.
Processus de test
Description des activités de test
- Planification:
- Elaborate test plan.
- Identify test starting/ending criteria.
- Identify risks to quality.
- Pilotage:
- Realize and communicate progress.
- Control good execution of plan and set up action items.
- Analyse:
- Read/review test base; identify defects to it.
- Identify/structure test requirements.
- Evaluate risks to quality and target effort.
- Conception:
- Conceive tests and charts.
- Establish traceability between tests and conditions.
- Identify data of requirements.
- Implémentation:
- Implement test suites and scripts.
- Organize suites and scripts.
- Enhance test data.
- Execution:
- Control checklist DoR of test.
- Consign results of execution.
- Control checklist DoD of test.
- Formalize the PV of test.
- Clôture:
- Do retrospective.
- Transfer testware.
Définition des Livrables de test
- Plan de de test: Activity Document defining the test Objectives, Périmètre, test type, and organizations.
- Référentiel de test Test: list of structured requirement Catalogue based from use cases.
- Dossier de test: Organization of tests for execution.
- Cahier de test: Test folder with results.
- Liste des anomalies: List of anomalies detected.
- CR de test: Report with execution results.
- PV de Test: Formalized perimeter of all the effects.
- Bilan de test: Quantitative/qualitative report in level.
Traçabilité entre base de test et testware
- Le pilotage des tests repose sur la traçabilité qui permet
- L'analyse de l'impact des changements
- L'audit des tests
- La satisfaction des critères de gouvernance IT
- La génération de rapports compréhensibles par différents profils techniques ou métier
- L'apport d'information pour évaluer la qualité du produit et l'efficacité du processus.
Rôles dans le test
- Planification des tests
- Pilotage et contrôle des tests
- Analyse des tests
- Conception des tests
- Implémentation des tests
- Exécution des tests
- Clôture des tests
Compétences génériques requises pour le test
- Connaissance en matière de test: Understands certification, techniques.
- Rigueur, attention, curiosité, souci du détail, méthode: Reviews document for orthography, consistency, and accuracy.
- Bonne communication, écoute active, esprit d'équipe: Participates in daily meetings.
- Réflexion analytique, esprit critique, créativité: Helps with product criteria.
- Connaissances techniques: Development practices
- Connaissance du domaine: Expertise in applicable domain
Types de test
Introduction
- Tests can be different, with different types
- Que fait le système? -> Le test fonctionnel, Le test boîte noire
- Comment est fait le système? -> Le test non fonctionnel, Le test boîte blanche
Test Fonctionnel
- Evaluent les fonctions à réaliser
- Effectués à tous les niveaux
- Measure the functional coverage (coverage of the specifications)
- Vérifie - la complete functionalité - -exactitude fonctionelle -l'adéquation fonctionelle
- Nécessitent generalement - Metier
Test Non-Fonctionnel
- Evaluent the system/how it behaves.
- Effectués à tous les niveaux
- Measure of non-fonctionnelle -performance, securite
Tests
- functional vs. Non-Fonctionnels
- Tests d'Adéquation Fonctionnelle
- Tests de Performance
- Tests de Compatibilité
- Tests de Capacité d'interaction
- Tests de Fiabilité
- Tests de Sécurité
- Tests de Maintenabilité
- Tests de Flexibilité
- Tests de Sureté
Test boîte noire
- Vérifier le comportement du système par rapport à ses spécifications.
- Spécifications des exigences métier, User Stories, Functional Specifications
- Partition d'équivalence, Valeurs limites, Classification par arborescence,
- Tous levels
Test boîte blanche
- It is based on the structure and derive the tests of the implementation or of the structure interne du système Objectif principal:
- Documentation and information sur le code, l'architecture, les flux métier et les flux de données Couverture des Instruction, Branches et Chemins
- Tous
Tests liés aux changements
Vérification or corrections.
Tests de maintenance
- Facteurs déclencheurs Changements du système lui-même:
- Correction • Nouvelles fonctionnalités • Modification de paramétrage Changements dans l'environnement • Sustêmes d'exploitation Bases de données et migrations de données Logiciels interfacés Retrait / Déclassement (application en fin de vie) • tests de la migration ou de l'archivage des données
Niveaux de test
Levels of test
- Test de composants (isolate components).
- Test d'intégration de composants (interfaces and integrations).
- Test système (capacities and behaviors).
- Test d'acceptation (validation demonstration).
Test de Composants (ou Tests Unitaires)
- Reduce and verify specs and prevernt.
Test d'Intégration
- components or subsystems and verifies.
Test Système
- Global end to end behavior of the product
Test d'Acceptation
- Establishes confidences and validatw the system.
Différentes formes de test d'acceptation
- Tests d'acceptation utilisateur.
- Tests d'acceptation opérationnelle.
- Tests d'acceptation contractuelle et réglementaire.
- Tests alpha et bêta.
Catégories de modèles de développement
Modèles séquentiels Cascade Modèles en V Modèles en W
- Modèles itératifs ou incrémentaux RAL RUP
- Modèles agiles XP Scrumb DevOps Le dernier cycle permet de développer la version finale
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