Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a basic nursing skill?
Professionalism in interactions is a key component of effective communication skills.
True
What is the primary purpose of hand hygiene in infection control?
To reduce the risk of infection transmission.
Cultural competence involves understanding and respecting diverse cultural beliefs and practices related to __________.
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Match the following nursing concepts with their descriptions:
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Which core principle of nursing focuses on treating the patient as a whole?
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Changing a patient's care plan based on evaluation results is part of the Implementation phase.
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What is the primary role of the Advocate in nursing?
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The nursing process includes five key steps: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, ___________________, and Evaluation.
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Match the nursing roles with their descriptions:
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Which medication is commonly administered through intramuscular injection due to its requirement to stay in the muscle?
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What is the recommended technique for performing an intramuscular injection?
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What is the preferred angle of insertion for an intramuscular injection?
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Which muscle is commonly used for intramuscular injections?
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What is the purpose of pulling the needle out after injecting medication?
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What is a key characteristic of intradermal injections?
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Why is intravenous administration considered one of the most dangerous methods for medication administration?
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What is the preferred site for injection when administering vaccines in adults?
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What is the recommended angle of insertion for intradermal injections?
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Which of the following is true regarding large volume infusions in intravenous administration?
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What position should a patient be in when preparing to receive an enema or suppository?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding inhalation medication administration?
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What is the relationship between needle gauge and diameter?
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When preparing an injection from an ampule, what is the correct first step?
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Which of the following steps is crucial when drawing medication from a multi-dose vial?
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Study Notes
Fundamentals of Nursing
Definition
- Nursing is a profession focused on the care and support of individuals in health and illness.
Core Principles
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Holistic Care
- Treats the patient as a whole, considering physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs.
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Patient-Centered Care
- Prioritizes the preferences, values, and needs of patients.
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Evidence-Based Practice
- Integrates clinical expertise with the best available research and patient values.
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Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
- Encourages lifestyle changes and preventive measures to improve health outcomes.
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Ethical and Legal Standards
- Adheres to codes of ethics and legal regulations governing nursing practice.
Key Competencies
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Assessment
- Collecting data through observation, interviews, and physical examination.
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Diagnosis
- Identifying health issues based on assessment data.
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Planning
- Developing a care plan with measurable goals.
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Implementation
- Executing the care plan through nursing interventions.
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Evaluation
- Assessing the effectiveness of interventions and modifying the care plan as needed.
Nursing Roles
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Caregiver
- Provides physical and emotional support to patients.
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Advocate
- Represents patient interests and ensures their rights are respected.
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Educator
- Informs and teaches patients about health conditions and self-care.
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Collaborator
- Works with other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care.
Communication Skills
- Active listening
- Empathy
- Clarity and conciseness
- Professionalism in interactions
Basic Nursing Skills
- Vital signs measurement (temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure)
- Hygiene care (bathing, grooming)
- Mobility assistance (transfer techniques, ambulation)
- Medication administration (dosage calculation, routes)
Infection Control
- Hand hygiene
- Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
- Sterile techniques for procedures
Cultural Competence
- Understanding and respecting diverse cultural beliefs and practices related to health.
Continuing Education
- Engaging in lifelong learning to stay current with medical advances and nursing practices.
Conclusion
- The fundamentals of nursing establish the foundation for effective patient care, emphasizing holistic approaches, ethical practice, and the importance of communication and collaboration.
Definition of Nursing
- Nursing is a profession dedicated to caring for individuals across health and illness spectrums.
Core Principles
- Holistic Care: Encompasses the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of patients.
- Patient-Centered Care: Focuses on honoring patient preferences, values, and individual needs.
- Evidence-Based Practice: Combines clinical expertise with the best research evidence and patient insights.
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: Promotes lifestyle alterations and preventive strategies to enhance health outcomes.
- Ethical and Legal Standards: Complies with ethical codes and legal requirements governing nursing activities.
Key Competencies
- Assessment: Involves gathering data through observation, interviews, and physical exams.
- Diagnosis: Involves recognizing health issues based on collected assessment data.
- Planning: Creating care plans that include measurable and specific goals.
- Implementation: Carrying out the care plan via various nursing interventions.
- Evaluation: Reviewing the effectiveness of care strategies and adapting plans as necessary.
Nursing Roles
- Caregiver: Offers physical and emotional support to patients.
- Advocate: Ensures patient rights are acknowledged and respected.
- Educator: Provides information and education regarding health conditions and self-care.
- Collaborator: Works alongside other healthcare professionals for comprehensive patient care.
Communication Skills
- Importance of active listening to understand patient needs.
- Utilizing empathy to connect with patients.
- Clarity and conciseness to ensure effective information exchange.
- Maintaining professionalism in all communications.
Basic Nursing Skills
- Proficiency in measuring vital signs: temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure.
- Delivering hygiene care: assisting with bathing and grooming.
- Supporting patient mobility: implementing proper transfer techniques and ambulation support.
- Competence in medication administration: calculating dosages and understanding different routes.
Infection Control
- Emphasizes proper hand hygiene to prevent infections.
- Requires the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) when necessary.
- Advocates for sterile techniques during medical procedures.
Cultural Competence
- Necessitates understanding and respecting diverse cultural beliefs and health practices.
Continuing Education
- Highlights the importance of lifelong learning to keep abreast of medical advancements and evolving nursing practices.
Conclusion
- Fundamental nursing principles foster effective patient care through holistic methods, ethical practices, and the significance of communication and collaboration.
Medication Administration Techniques
- Intramuscular injections are preferred for medications like iron and B12 to ensure effective delivery into muscle tissue.
- During the injection process, pinch the skin, insert the needle, then withdraw and release the skin.
- For supine suppository insertion, the patient should be in a left side-lying (Sim's) position, with the right leg bent up, potentially using an enema beforehand.
Inhalation Medication
- Patient must possess adequate hand strength and hand-breath coordination to use inhalers effectively.
- Steps for inhalation:
- Take a deep breath in and out before using the inhaler.
- Place the inhaler in the mouth, squeeze canister while inhaling deeply.
- Hold breath for 10 seconds, then exhale slowly.
- If coordination is insufficient, a spacer can be utilized for easier medication delivery.
Parenteral Medication Administration
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Requires correctly sized syringes and needles; remember the smaller the needle number, the larger the diameter.
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When preparing injections from a vial:
- If the vial contains dry medication, a solvent or diluent is necessary.
- Inject air into the vial before drawing the medication.
- Label multi-dose vials after mixing and refrigerate remaining doses if applicable.
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For ampule preparations:
- Snap off the ampule neck, then aspirate medication into the syringe using a filter needle.
- Replace the filter needle with an appropriate needle for administration.
Injection Sites
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Deltoid Site:
- Often underdeveloped in adults; caution due to proximity to nerves and the brachial artery.
- Injection site is located three finger widths below the acromion process; typically for volumes less than 2 ml and commonly used for vaccinations.
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Intradermal Injections:
- Used for skin testing (e.g., TB, allergy tests).
- Administered at a 5 to 15-degree angle to form a small bleb.
Intravenous Administration
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IV medications may be administered through various methods:
- Infusion of large volumes of IV fluids.
- Injection of bolus (small volume) medications as IV push.
- Piggyback medication infusion method.
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Large Volume Infusions:
- Considered the safest and easiest form of IV administration.
- Avoid mixing medications in an IV bag to prevent potential complications.
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Bolus Doses / IV Push Medications:
- Delivered using a syringe attached to IV tubing, introducing a concentrated medication dose directly into the circulatory system.
- Recognized as the most dangerous method for medication administration due to the rapid introduction of a high drug concentration.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the core principles and key competencies of nursing. This quiz covers important topics such as holistic care, patient-centered care, and evidence-based practice. Gain insights into the essential skills needed for effective nursing practice.
