Fundamentals of Electronics

Electronics Sheet

• Voltage: A potential difference, measured in volts.
• Current: The flow of electrons through a conductor, measured in amperes.
• Power: The amount of circuit energy, measured in watts.
• Ground: A reference point with minimum voltage.
• Ground floating: A circuit not connected to earth, often used with batteries.
• Resistor color code: A way to show resistance values without equipment, using bands.
• First band: Refers to the first two numbers, e.g., yellow (4) and purple (7).
• Second band: Refers to the second number.
• Third band: Refers to the multiplier, e.g., red (100).
• Fourth band: Refers to the tolerance, e.g., gold (5%).
• Resistor role: Opposes current flow in an electronic circuit.

Capacitor Basics

• Capacitor: Device storing electrical charge.
• Types: Electrolytic, non-electrolytic.
• Symbol: Various shapes and markings.
• Applications: Storing electrical charge, filtering/smoothing signals.

Resistor Values in Different Types (eg. Colour Code)

• 4700Ω: The value (resistance) of the resistor.
• 2.3kΩ: The value (resistance) of the resistor.
• 3.6kΩ: The value (resistance) of the resistor.
• 820Ω: The value (resistance) of the resistor.
• 2400Ω: The value (resistance) of the resistor.
• 470Ω: The value (resistance) of the resistor.

Resistor Color Code Examples (eg. Gold and Silver Colour Bands)

• 470Ω 5% tolerance: The resistor's value and tolerance.
• 4.7kΩ ±10%: The resistor's value and tolerance.
• 3.6kΩ ±5%: The resistor's value and tolerance.
• 820Ω ±10%: The resistor's value and tolerance.

Diode Applications

• Reverse polarity protection: Protects circuits from reverse current.
• Rectifier: Converts AC to DC.
• Reverse bias diode (to prevent blowback): Acts as a current limiter.

Transistor Use Cases

• As a switch: For turning circuits on and off.
• As a current source: Limits current in a circuit.

Faigh tuigse mu na bun-bheachdan ann an dealan. Is e na puingean a bhuineas do volt, sruth, cumhachd, agus buidhnean, mar a thèid a chleachdadh ann an circuitan. Freagair ceistean mu na freagairtean, a' gabhail a-steach an còd dath do resistoran agus na seòrsaichean capacitors.