Fundamentals of Computer Systems

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Questions and Answers

A computer's CPU is primarily responsible for what?

  • Central Processor Unit
  • Central Progressive Unit
  • Central Programming Unit
  • Central Processing Unit (correct)

Which type of memory loses its stored data when the power is turned off?

  • RAM (correct)
  • Hard Disk
  • ROM
  • CD-ROM

What does HTTP, the foundation of data communication on the web, stand for?

  • Hyper Text Transmission Protocol
  • Hyperlink Text Protocol
  • Hyperlink Text Transfer Protocol
  • Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (correct)

Which networking device operates at the network layer and forwards data packets between different networks?

<p>Router (D)</p>
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What is the core role of an operating system in managing computer resources?

<p>All of the above (D)</p>
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What is the smallest unit of data that a computer can process, forming the basis of digital communication?

<p>Bit (B)</p>
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Which programming language provides the basic structure to a webpage?

<p>JavaScript (D)</p>
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What type of device presents information from a computer to a user?

<p>Printer (B)</p>
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What is the full form of IP within the context of internet addresses?

<p>Internet Protocol (C)</p>
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What category of software is designed to manage computer hardware and provide a platform for applications to run on?

<p>System software (B)</p>
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What is the numerical base used in the binary system, which is fundamental to how computers encode information?

<p>1010 (B)</p>
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In text editing, what action is typically performed by pressing the 'Delete' key?

<p>Delete (A)</p>
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What does GUI, which enables users to interact with computers through visual icons and elements, stand for?

<p>Graphical User Interface (B)</p>
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In most software, what widely recognized shortcut duplicates selected content?

<p>Ctrl + C (A)</p>
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Which storage medium generally offers the highest capacity for storing digital data?

<p>Blu-ray Disk (A)</p>
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In computer security, what critical component is designed to prevent unauthorized access to a network?

<p>To protect against unauthorized access (B)</p>
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How can Ctrl + V increase productivity when working with digital documents?

<p>Ctrl + V (B)</p>
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Which software program is NOT designed for browsing the internet?

<p>Microsoft Excel (A)</p>
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What does 'URL' stand for, a foundational term when working with web addresses?

<p>Uniform Resource Locator (C)</p>
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Which network protocol is specifically designed for sending email messages over the Internet?

<p>SMTP (D)</p>
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What kind of file is identified by the '.exe' extension?

<p>Executable file (C)</p>
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Which technology provider is heavily associated with the Windows operating system?

<p>Microsoft (C)</p>
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What does SSD stand for in the context of storage devices?

<p>Solid State Drive (D)</p>
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A cache memory is designed primarily for what?

<p>To store frequently used data (A)</p>
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Which operating system offers its source code freely?

<p>Linux (B)</p>
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What is the function of the keyboard shortcut, 'Ctrl + Z'?

<p>Undo the last action (A)</p>
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In networking, what does DNS stand for?

<p>Domain Name System (B)</p>
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What kind of storage device is classified as 'optical'?

<p>DVD (D)</p>
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What does ALU abbreviate in the realm of computer science?

<p>Arithmetic Logic Unit (D)</p>
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What term describes the process of starting a computer?

<p>Booting (D)</p>
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Which key typically updates the content displayed in a web browser?

<p>F5 (A)</p>
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What does the acronym 'PDF', commonly associated with document files, stand for?

<p>Portable Document Format (D)</p>
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Which technology era brought about the use of integrate circuits?

<p>Third (A)</p>
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What main type of memory is RAM, and what characteristic defines its usage?

<p>RAM (D)</p>
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How is a Local Area Network best described in terms of its geographical coverage?

<p>Local Area Network (C)</p>
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What capabilities does BIOS provide for computer startup?

<p>Basic Input Output System (B)</p>
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In computer security, which term identifies programs designed to prevent, detect, and remove malicious software?

<p>Norton (C)</p>
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What is the standard suffix for a Microsoft Excel file?

<p>.xlsx (A)</p>
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Which choice does NOT describe a computer programming language?

<p>Excel (C)</p>
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What term refers to the standard method for transferring files between two computers on the internet?

<p>File Transfer Protocol (D)</p>
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What kind of computer network spans a broad geographical area?

<p>WAN (A)</p>
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Flashcards

CPU

Central Processing Unit; the brain of the computer.

Volatile Memory

Memory that requires power to maintain stored information.

HTTP

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol; foundation of data communication on the web.

Router

Connects two different networks and routes data between them

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Operating System Function

Manages hardware resources and software applications.

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Bit

The smallest unit of data in a computer.

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JavaScript

Considered the backbone of web development for interactive elements.

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Printer

A device that produces a hard copy of data.

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IP

Internet Protocol; a set of rules governing communication on the Internet.

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System Software

Software that manages computer hardware resources.

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Binary Equivalent of 10

1010 (decimal number 10)

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Delete Key

Deletes characters to the right of the cursor.

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GUI

Graphical User Interface; visual elements for interaction.

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Ctrl + C

Copy selected text

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Largest Storage Device

Blu-ray Disk

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Firewall Function

To protect against unauthorized access to a computer network.

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Ctrl + V

Paste copied content in the computer system

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Not a Web Browser

Microsoft Excel

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URL

Uniform Resource Locator; a reference to a web resource.

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SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol; for sending emails.

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".exe" File

A file that can be directly executed by the operating system.

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Windows Developer

Microsoft

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SSD

Solid State Drive; a type of storage device.

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Cache Memory Purpose

To store frequently used data for quick access.

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Open-Source OS Example

Linux

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Ctrl + Z Function

Undo the last action

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DNS

Domain Name System; translates domain names to IP addresses.

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DVD

Digital Versatile Disc; for optical storage.

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ALU

Arithmetic Logic Unit; performs calculations.

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Starting a Computer

Booting

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F5 Key

Refreshes a webpage in most browsers

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PDF

Portable Document Format; for document exchange.

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Integrated Circuits Era

Third Generation

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RAM

Random Access Memory; primary memory.

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LAN

Local Area Network; connects devices in a limited area.

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BIOS

Basic Input Output System; firmware for booting.

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Norton

An example of antivirus software is...

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MS Excel File Extension

".xlsx"

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Not a Programming Language

Excel

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FTP

File Transfer Protocol; transfers files between computers.

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Study Notes

  • CPU stands for Central Processing Unit.
  • RAM is volatile memory.
  • HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
  • A router connects two different networks.
  • An operating system manages hardware resources and software applications.
  • The smallest unit of data in a computer is a bit.
  • JavaScript is the backbone of web development.
  • A printer is not an input device.
  • IP stands for Internet Protocol.
  • An operating system is a system software.
  • The binary equivalent of the decimal number 10 is 1010.
  • The Delete key deletes characters to the right of the cursor.
  • GUI stands for Graphical User Interface.
  • Ctrl + C is the shortcut to copy selected text in most software.
  • Blu-ray Disk has the largest storage capacity.
  • A firewall protects against unauthorized access in a computer network.
  • Ctrl + V is the shortcut key to paste copied content.
  • Microsoft Excel is not a web browser.
  • URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
  • SMTP is used to send emails.
  • A ".exe" file is an executable file.
  • Microsoft developed the Windows operating system.
  • SSD stands for Solid State Drive.
  • A cache memory stores frequently used data.
  • Linux is an example of an open-source operating system.
  • Ctrl + Z undoes the last action.
  • DNS stands for Domain Name System.
  • DVD is an example of an optical storage device.
  • ALU stands for Arithmetic Logic Unit.
  • Booting is the process of starting a computer.
  • F5 refreshes a webpage in most web browsers.
  • PDF stands for Portable Document Format.
  • Integrated circuits were used in the third generation of computers.
  • RAM is a primary memory.
  • LAN stands for Local Area Network.
  • BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System.
  • Norton is an example of antivirus software.
  • The default file extension for MS Excel files is .xlsx.
  • Excel is not a computer programming language.
  • FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.
  • WAN covers a large geographic area.
  • The main purpose of a database is to store information.
  • A printer is used for printing documents.
  • MAC in MAC address stands for Media Access Control.
  • Virus protection is not a function of an operating system.
  • HTML is primarily used for creating web pages.
  • VPN stands for Virtual Private Network.
  • An email attachment is a file sent along with an email.
  • Modem converts digital signals to analog signals.
  • SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
  • A compiler converts high-level language into machine language.
  • A monitor is an output device.
  • ROM is used to store data permanently.
  • The purpose of an IP address is to identify a computer on a network.
  • Google Drive is a cloud storage service.
  • Bit stands for Binary Digit.
  • .jpg is used to save an image.
  • Ctrl + S saves a document in most applications.
  • Phishing is a cyberattack to steal sensitive information.
  • A monitor is not a storage device.
  • Ctrl + P prints a document.
  • CPU speed measures processing power in Hertz.
  • Microsoft Word is application software.
  • The default file extension for PowerPoint presentations is .pptx.
  • Optical technology is used in Compact Discs (CDs).
  • Ctrl + Alt + Delete reboots a computer in DOS.
  • IPv6 stands for Internet Protocol Version 6.
  • 1,024 kilobytes represents a megabyte.
  • Ctrl + H replaces text.
  • Python is used for Artificial Intelligence.
  • Task Manager in Windows monitors running programs and processes.
  • SSD provides faster speed compared to HDD.
  • The presentation layer in the OSI model deals with encryption and decryption.
  • "Ping" measures latency or response time in networking.
  • Mozilla Firefox is an open-source web browser.
  • CAD stands for Computer-Aided Design.
  • The default file extension for a text file is .txt.
  • Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity.
  • A printer driver translates print commands into a format the printer can understand.
  • A botnet is a collection of internet-connected devices infected with malware.
  • OCR stands for Optical Character Recognition.
  • The primary purpose of a proxy server is to filter requests and improve security.
  • A supercomputer performs scientific calculations.
  • Ctrl + A selects all text in a document.
  • URL identifies a webpage address.
  • HTML is a markup language.
  • AI stands for Artificial Intelligence.
  • Malware harms or disrupts computers.
  • HTTPS stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure.
  • The main advantage of cloud computing is on-demand access to resources.
  • The unit of measurement for processor speed is Gigahertz.
  • ROM is non-volatile memory.
  • HTTP is used to access a webpage.
  • Ctrl + X cuts text.
  • Spyware tracks user activities.
  • BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System.
  • An external hard drive is commonly used for backup storage.
  • An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem.
  • Adobe After Effects is used to create animations.
  • A QR code is a barcode used to store data.
  • Default file extension for Excel files: is .xlsx.
  • DNS stands for Domain Name System.
  • Virus, trojan and worm are examples of malware.
  • Ctrl + Z undo an action.
  • The ping command, checks the availability of a device on a network.
  • Javascript is used for web development.
  • ISP stands for Internet Service Provider.
  • Ram is volatile memory.
  • Ctrl + c will copy selected text or data.
  • Linux is open-source software.
  • A firewall portect a network from unauthorizes access.
  • A Modem converts digital signals into analog signals.
  • POP3 is used for email retrieval.
  • A printer is not a an input device.
  • Cloud computing is about Accessign computing resources over the internet.
  • GUI allow users to interact with a computer using graphical elements.
  • ALU processe arithmetic and logical operation.

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