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Questions and Answers
What part of the Indian Constitution deals with Fundamental Rights?
Which Fundamental Right ensures freedom of speech and expression?
How many Fundamental Rights are guaranteed to citizens of India?
Which Fundamental Right prohibits the employment of children in factories?
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What is the primary objective of the Cultural and Educational Rights?
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Which of the following is a fundamental right enshrined in the Constitution?
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What is the primary aim of the Directive Principles of State Policy?
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What does the Preamble of the Constitution primarily set out?
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What is a key feature of India's federal system?
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What is required for certain constitutional amendments in India?
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Study Notes
Fundamental Rights
- Part III of the Constitution of India (Articles 12-35)
- Guaranteed to all citizens of India
- Six fundamental rights:
-
Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)
- Equality before law
- Prohibition of discrimination
- Equality of opportunity in public employment
-
Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)
- Freedom of speech and expression
- Freedom to assemble peacefully
- Freedom to form associations
- Freedom to move freely throughout the country
- Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the country
-
Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24)
- Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
- Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
-
Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28)
- Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
- Freedom to manage religious affairs
-
Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29-30)
- Protection of interests of minorities
- Right to conserve distinct language, script or culture
-
Right to Constitutional Remedies (Articles 32-35)
- Right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights
-
Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)
Directive Principles
- Part IV of the Constitution of India (Articles 36-51)
- Non-justiciable, i.e., cannot be enforced by courts
- Aim to secure socio-economic justice and welfare of the people
- Guide the government in policymaking and legislation
- Key principles:
- Social Welfare: Ensure a decent standard of living for all citizens
- Economic Welfare: Promote economic development and prosperity
- International Cooperation: Foster international cooperation and respect for international law
Preamble
- Introductory part of the Constitution
- Sets out the objectives of the Constitution
- Key features:
- Sovereign: India is a sovereign nation
- Democratic: India is a democratic republic
- Republic: India is a republic, not a monarchy
- Secular: India is a secular nation, treating all religions equally
- Socialist: India aims to promote social and economic equality
- Justice: India aims to ensure justice, liberty, and equality for all citizens
Federalism
- India is a federal state with a constitutional government
- Key features:
- Bicameral Legislature: Two houses of Parliament: Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
- Division of Powers: Power is divided between the Centre and the States
- Centre-State Relations: The Centre and States have distinct areas of jurisdiction
- Supremacy of the Constitution: The Constitution is the supreme law of the land
Amendments
- Process of changing the Constitution
- Article 368 of the Constitution
- Types of amendments:
- Simple Majority: Amendments can be made by a simple majority in both houses of Parliament
- Special Majority: Amendments require a special majority in both houses of Parliament
- Ratification by States: Amendments require ratification by at least half of the states
- Key amendments:
- 42nd Amendment (1976): Added the words "socialist" and "secular" to the Preamble
- 44th Amendment (1978): Restored the Supreme Court's power to review constitutional amendments
- 73rd Amendment (1992): Empowered panchayats and introduced decentralization
Fundamental Rights
- Guaranteed to all citizens of India under Part III of the Constitution (Articles 12-35)
- Six fundamental rights:
Right to Equality
- Equality before law
- Prohibition of discrimination
- Equality of opportunity in public employment
Right to Freedom
- Freedom of speech and expression
- Freedom to assemble peacefully
- Freedom to form associations
- Freedom to move freely throughout the country
- Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the country
Right against Exploitation
- Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
- Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
Right to Freedom of Religion
- Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
- Freedom to manage religious affairs
Cultural and Educational Rights
- Protection of interests of minorities
- Right to conserve distinct language, script or culture
Right to Constitutional Remedies
- Right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights
Directive Principles
- Part IV of the Constitution (Articles 36-51)
- Non-justiciable, i.e., cannot be enforced by courts
- Aim to secure socio-economic justice and welfare of the people
- Guide the government in policymaking and legislation
- Key principles:
- Social Welfare: Ensure a decent standard of living for all citizens
- Economic Welfare: Promote economic development and prosperity
- International Cooperation: Foster international cooperation and respect for international law
Preamble
- Introductory part of the Constitution
- Sets out the objectives of the Constitution
- Key features:
- Sovereign: India is a sovereign nation
- Democratic: India is a democratic republic
- Republic: India is a republic, not a monarchy
- Secular: India is a secular nation, treating all religions equally
- Socialist: India aims to promote social and economic equality
- Justice: India aims to ensure justice, liberty, and equality for all citizens
Federalism
- India is a federal state with a constitutional government
- Key features:
- Bicameral Legislature: Two houses of Parliament: Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
- Division of Powers: Power is divided between the Centre and the States
- Centre-State Relations: The Centre and States have distinct areas of jurisdiction
- Supremacy of the Constitution: The Constitution is the supreme law of the land
Amendments
- Process of changing the Constitution
- Article 368 of the Constitution
- Types of amendments:
- Simple Majority: Amendments can be made by a simple majority in both houses of Parliament
- Special Majority: Amendments require a special majority in both houses of Parliament
- Ratification by States: Amendments require ratification by at least half of the states
- Key amendments:
- 42nd Amendment (1976): Added the words "socialist" and "secular" to the Preamble
- 44th Amendment (1978): Restored the Supreme Court's power to review constitutional amendments
- 73rd Amendment (1992): Empowered panchayats and introduced decentralization
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Description
Test your knowledge of the six fundamental rights guaranteed to all citizens of India, as outlined in Part III of the Constitution of India (Articles 12-35).
