Fundamental Physics

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Questions and Answers

A spacecraft is traveling through deep space far from any gravitational sources. If the spacecraft suddenly shuts off its engines, what will happen according to Newton's first law of motion?

The spacecraft will accelerate in the opposite direction of its initial motion.
The spacecraft will instantaneously stop moving.
The spacecraft will continue to move with a constant velocity in the same direction. (correct)
The spacecraft will gradually slow down and eventually stop due to the absence of a continuous force.

A car accelerates from rest to $25 m/s$ in $5$ seconds. If the car has a mass of $1500 kg$, what is the net force acting on it?

$3000 N$
$7500 N$ (correct)
$12000 N$
$45000 N$

When a rifle is fired, the bullet accelerates forward, and the rifle recoils backward. How does Newton's third law of motion explain this?

The bullet and the rifle experience equal forces in opposite directions. (correct)
The force exerted on the rifle is greater than the force exerted on the bullet.
The bullet and the rifle experience equal forces in the same direction.
The force exerted on the bullet is greater than the force exerted on the rifle.

A crane lifts a $200 kg$ beam vertically upwards at a constant speed of $2 m/s$. What is the power exerted by the crane?

$3924 W$ (C) Signup and view all the answers

A baseball is thrown from the outfield to home plate. Ignoring air resistance, what remains constant during the ball's flight?

The baseball's total mechanical energy. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Two cars collide head-on at an intersection. Car A has a mass of $1500 kg$ and is traveling at $20 m/s$, while Car B has a mass of $1000 kg$ and is traveling at $-25 m/s$. If the two cars stick together after the collision, what is their combined velocity immediately after the impact?

$-1 m/s$ (D) Signup and view all the answers

A wrench is used to tighten a bolt. If a 20 N force is applied perpendicularly to the wrench handle at a distance of 0.25 m from the bolt, what is the magnitude of the torque applied to the bolt?

$5 Nm$ (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the concept of potential energy being converted into kinetic energy?

A roller coaster car descending a steep drop. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Two systems, A and B, are separately in thermal equilibrium with system C. According to the zeroth law of thermodynamics, what can be said about the relationship between A and B?

A and B are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A metal rod is heated at one end. Which method of heat transfer is primarily responsible for the heat propagating through the rod itself?

Conduction (D) Signup and view all the answers

A parallel-plate capacitor has a certain capacitance. If the distance between the plates is doubled while the charge on the plates remains constant, what happens to the voltage across the capacitor?

It doubles. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A wire carries a steady current. According to Ohm's law, if the resistance of the wire is doubled while the voltage across it remains constant, what happens to the current flowing through the wire?

It is halved. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of diffraction?

The spreading of waves as they pass through an opening or around an obstacle. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, what is the fundamental limit to the accuracy with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, like position and momentum, can be known?

The more accurately the position of a particle is known, the less accurately its momentum can be known, and vice versa. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of quantum mechanics, what does the phenomenon of quantum entanglement refer to?

A phenomenon where two or more particles become linked and instantly affect each other's state, regardless of the distance between them. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to special relativity, how does the measured length of an object in motion relative to an observer compare to its length when it is at rest with respect to the observer?

The length is shorter in the direction of motion. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to general relativity, what causes the curvature of spacetime?

Mass and energy (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does time dilation manifest in regions with stronger gravitational fields, according to general relativity?

Time slows down in stronger gravitational fields. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Physics?

The study of matter, energy, space, and time, aiming to understand the universe's behavior.

Classical Mechanics

Motion of macroscopic objects using concepts like Newton's laws.