Fundamental Physics Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which of these scenarios best illustrates the principle of conservation of energy?

A ball rolling down a hill, increasing in speed as it descends.
A pendulum swinging back and forth, exchanging potential and kinetic energy. (correct)
A rocket launching into space, burning fuel to gain altitude and speed.
A car accelerating from rest on a flat road.

A spacecraft is traveling through deep space far from any gravitational sources. If the spacecraft fires its engines, what law explains its change in motion?

The Second Law of Thermodynamics.
The Law of Conservation of Energy.
Newton's First Law of Motion. (correct)
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation.

A book rests on a table. Which of Newton's Laws best explains why the book remains at rest?

Newton's Second Law.
Newton's Third Law.
Newton's First Law. (correct)
The Law of Conservation of Momentum.

In what scenario is the concept of wave-particle duality most relevant?

Analyzing the behavior of electrons in an atom. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does classical mechanics primarily differ from quantum mechanics?

Classical mechanics describes the behavior of macroscopic objects, while quantum mechanics describes the behavior of matter at the atomic and subatomic levels. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between force and motion as defined by Newton's Second Law?

Force is equal to the mass of an object times its acceleration ($F = ma$). (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of thermodynamics as a core concept in physics?

Heat, work, and energy, and the relationships between them. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A moving car collides with a stationary truck. Which principle primarily governs the motion of the car and the truck immediately after the collision?

The law of conservation of momentum. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A closed system undergoes a process where 50 J of heat are added, and 20 J of work are done by the system. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

30 J (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which process demonstrates heat transfer primarily through convection?

Boiling water in a pot on a stove. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Two objects are in thermal equilibrium. Which statement is true?

There is no net heat transfer between the objects. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A 12V battery is connected to a resistor with a resistance of 4 ohms. What is the current flowing through the resistor?

3 A (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the force between two electric charges if the distance between them is doubled?

The force decreases to one-fourth of its original value. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon demonstrates the wave-like properties of particles?

Electron diffraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, what is fundamentally impossible to know with perfect accuracy?

Position and momentum of a particle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key concept of quantum entanglement?

Two or more particles become linked and share the same fate, regardless of distance. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In special relativity, what is constant for all observers, regardless of their relative motion or the motion of the light source?

The speed of light in a vacuum (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to general relativity, what causes the curvature of spacetime?

Mass and energy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon explains why time passes slower for moving observers relative to stationary observers?

Time dilation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of wave is characterized by the displacement of the medium being parallel to the direction of propagation?

Longitudinal wave (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when two waves are out of phase and interfere with each other?

Destructive interference, resulting in a decreased amplitude. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon describes the bending of waves around obstacles or through apertures?

Diffraction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the speed ($v$), frequency ($f$), and wavelength ($\lambda$) of a wave?

$v = f \times \lambda$ (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Physics?

Study of matter, energy, space, and time, aiming to understand the universe's behavior.

Classical Mechanics

Describes the motion of macroscopic objects using concepts like Newton's laws.