Fundamental Building Blocks of Life 2.1

<p>An atom that has lost electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium has one electron in its outermost shell and it's easier to lose that electron than gain seven. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polar covalent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bonds are the most common type of bond in biological molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In polar covalent bonds, the electrons are shared equally, while in nonpolar covalent bonds, the electrons are shared unequally. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bond between two carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon chain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic bonds involve the attraction between oppositely charged ions, while van der Waals interactions are weaker temporary attractions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chlorine atom gains one electron, becoming negatively charged. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have different numbers of neutrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is equal to the number of protons in the atom. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>26 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It explains why heavier elements have a lower melting point. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time it takes for half of the isotope to decay. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a long half-life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arrangement of electrons in their shells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lithium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It determines the stability of the atom. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each row of the periodic table corresponds to a different number of electron shells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It determines the reactivity of the element. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The atomic number determines the number of protons, and protons decide the number of electrons in the neutral atom. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can share electrons to form covalent bonds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the release of electrons from the nucleus, causing a transformation of the isotope into a different but more stable element. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It could damage cells and cause mutations, potentially leading to cancer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their longer half-lives allow for dating objects that are billions of years old. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number and defines the element. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Technetium (Tc) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents the element Hydrogen, and it indicates that it has one proton. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a tendency to decay into other elements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The different number of protons they have. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds involve the attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contribute to the atom's mass. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They share only electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allowing molecules to pass through cell membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MRI produces images of soft tissues, while X-rays produce images of bones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiology Technicians (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They work closely with patients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help to stabilize the double helix structure of DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They create a strong repulsion between nonpolar molecules and water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing and interpreting the imaging results. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Substance that occupies space and has mass.

Pure substances that cannot be broken down chemically.

Smallest unit of an element retaining its properties.

Abbreviation for an element (e.g., H, O, C).

Positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom.

Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus.

Neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

An atom with equal numbers of protons and electrons.

The mass of an atom determined by the number of protons and neutrons it contains.

The number of protons in an atom, which defines the element.

The total count of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Different forms of the same element with the same protons but different neutrons.

Isotopes that are unstable and decay over time by emitting energy.

The time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay.

A radioactive isotope of carbon used for dating organic materials.

The arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels.

Regions around the nucleus where electrons reside.

A chart organizing all known elements based on their properties and atomic structure.

Atoms are most stable when their outermost electron shell is full.

The process in which atoms combine to form molecules based on their electrons.

The temperatures at which an element changes state from solid to liquid (melting), or liquid to gas (boiling).

A weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.

Weak attractions between molecules due to temporary partial charges.

A bond where electrons are shared unequally, causing partial charges.

A charge that occurs due to unequal electron sharing in a bond.

Properties resulting from hydrogen bonding, essential for sustaining life.

The double-stranded structure of DNA maintained by hydrogen bonds.

A technique using magnetic fields to produce images of soft tissues.

Professionals analyzing imaging results for diagnosis.

Education process for becoming specialists in imaging technology.

Critical properties of substances, like water, due to hydrogen bonding.

An interaction between two or more elements that forms molecules.

Atoms tend to fill their outer shells with eight electrons for stability.

An atom with an unequal number of protons and electrons, resulting in a net charge.

A positively charged ion formed by losing electrons.

A negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons.

The movement of electrons from one atom to another.

A bond formed between ions with opposite charges.

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

A bond where electrons are shared equally between atoms.

The process of two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons.

Large molecules essential for life, formed by covalent bonds.

Achieved when an atom fills its outer shell, making it less reactive.