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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?
What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?
To aid in erect posture and protection of organs
What is the main difference between compact and spongy bone?
What is the main difference between compact and spongy bone?
Compact bone is denser and has a more organized structure, while spongy bone is less dense and has a more open structure
What is the function of the medullary cavity in a long bone?
What is the function of the medullary cavity in a long bone?
To store yellow bone marrow and fat
What is the role of osteons in compact bone structure?
What is the role of osteons in compact bone structure?
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What is the function of the periosteum in a long bone?
What is the function of the periosteum in a long bone?
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What is the function of canaliculi in bone tissue?
What is the function of canaliculi in bone tissue?
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What is the role of the epiphysis in a long bone?
What is the role of the epiphysis in a long bone?
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What is the function of the skeletal system in terms of mineral storage?
What is the function of the skeletal system in terms of mineral storage?
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What is the main component of cartilage matrix?
What is the main component of cartilage matrix?
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What is the function of chondrocytes in cartilage?
What is the function of chondrocytes in cartilage?
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What is the main characteristic of elastic cartilage?
What is the main characteristic of elastic cartilage?
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What is the main function of fibrocartilage?
What is the main function of fibrocartilage?
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What is the main function of synovial fluid in synovial joints?
What is the main function of synovial fluid in synovial joints?
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What is the main function of menisci in synovial joints?
What is the main function of menisci in synovial joints?
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What type of joint allows for 360-degree motion?
What type of joint allows for 360-degree motion?
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What is the main function of bursae in synovial joints?
What is the main function of bursae in synovial joints?
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Study Notes
Functions of the Skeletal System
- Supports the body and gives it shape
- Protects soft organs (brain, lungs, spinal cord, heart)
- Enables movement at joints (articulation)
- Stores minerals and fats (calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus)
- Facilitates blood cell formation (RBC, WBC, platelets)
Divisions of the Skeleton
- Axial skeleton (80 bones): aids in erect posture and organ protection
- Appendicular skeleton (126 bones): composed of bones that anchor to the axial skeleton
Parts of a Long Bone - Macroscopic
- Diaphysis: shaft with compact bone outer layer and spongey/cancellous bone inner layer
- Medullary cavity: hollow center cavity containing yellow bone marrow and fat storage site
- Periosteum: fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the diaphysis
- Epiphysis: ends of bone with compact bone, articular cartilage, and cancellous bone, containing red bone marrow for blood cell production
Parts of a Long Bone - Microscopic
- Bone is connective tissue that provides support, with cells separated by non-cellular material (matrix) containing inorganic salts for strength
- Lamellae: rings of matrix around the central canal, with lacunae containing osteocytes
- Canaliculi: tiny canals connecting lacunae, forming a transport system between osteocytes
Compact Bone Structure
- Consists of many similar circular formations called osteons or haversian systems
- Osteons contain central canal, lamellae, lacunae, and canaliculi
- Central canal contains capillaries, nerves, and lymph vessels
Spongy Bone Structure
- Less dense than compact bone, consisting of trabeculae with irregular arrangement of thin bony plates
- Osteocytes occupy space in trabeculae
Cartilage Structure, Location, and Transport
- Connective tissue made of collagen within a matrix called chondrin
- Found on bone surfaces, in trachea/bronchi, nose, larynx, and outer ear
- Matrix has spaces containing chondroblasts that mature into chondrocytes
- No blood vessels, with nutrition and waste transported by diffusion through matrix
- Chondrocytes have slow metabolism and cell division
Types of Cartilage
- Elastic cartilage: provides flexible, elastic support with elastic fibers and less closely packed collagen fibers (found in outer ear)
- Fibrocartilage: coarsely arranged with thick fibers, allowing compression and weight support (found in intervertebral discs and knee joints)
- Hyaline cartilage: closely packed with fine fibers, providing strength and flexibility (found in trachea, bronchi, and bone ends)
Function of Joints
- Provide support and decrease bone movement
Types of Joints
- Fibrous joint: allows no movement and is incredibly strong (found in skull joints between teeth and jaw)
- Cartilaginous joint: allows limited movement (found in intervertebral discs and joints of ribs and sternum)
- Synovial joint: allows large range of movement (found in shoulder, elbow, and knee joints)
Synovial Joints Structure and 3 Parts
- Synovial cavity: space between two bones
- Articular capsule: surrounds the cavity and consists of two membranes (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane)
- Synovial fluid: lubricates, removes debris, and absorbs shock
- Articular cartilage: covers articulating surfaces, allowing for smooth movement
Ball and Socket Joint
- Spherical head into cup-like cavity
- 360-degree motion = circumduction
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Description
Test your knowledge of the skeletal system, including its functions such as support, protection, movement, and storage. Learn about the axial and appendicular skeleton, bone cells, and more!
