Functions of the Liver Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which proteins are mentioned to be produced by the liver during the acute phase reaction?

  • Insulin & growth hormone
  • Fibrinogen & hemoglobin
  • Albumin & transferrin (correct)
  • Thyroid hormone & cortisol

    • How does the liver store nutrients?

  • As amino acids
  • As glycogen (correct)
  • As free fatty acids
  • As vitamins

    • What is the liver's role in fat metabolism?

  • Exporting lipids as LDL particles
  • Oxidizing fatty acids for energy (correct)
  • Storing lipids as triglycerides
  • Converting fatty acids to glucose

    • How is ammonia generated in the liver?

    <p>It is released during amino acid metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does bilirubin generation take place?

    <p>In the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is unconjugated bilirubin transported in the blood?

    <p>Bound to albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the urea cycle?

    <p>It only occurs in liver mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to an accumulation of bilirubin in the blood?

    <p>Biliary obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of plasma proteins with low oncotic pressure?

    <p>Increase plasma protein production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plasma proteins is negatively regulated during the acute phase reaction?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in lipid metabolism?

    <p>Reverse transport cholesterol from tissues back to the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ammonia, a by-product of amino acid metabolism, is primarily detoxified in the liver through which process?

    <p>Urea cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of hepatic metabolism of bilirubin?

    <p>Excretion into bile duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to bile salts derived from cholesterol after solubilizing lipids in the small intestine?

    <p>Reabsorbed in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of lipid metabolism, what is the main role of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)?

    <p>Export triglycerides and cholesterol from the liver to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate destination of urobilinogens produced during bilirubin metabolism?

    <p>Returned to the intestine via enterohepatic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liver's role in fat metabolism?

    <p>Breaks down triglycerides into ketone bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the liver metabolize ammonia?

    <p>Converts ammonia to urea for excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes bilirubin metabolism in the liver?

    <p>The liver processes bilirubin into bile for excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of plasma proteins does the liver manufacture?

    <p>Essentially all plasma proteins except immunoglobulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause lactic acidosis according to the text?

    <p>Impaired gluconeogenesis in liver failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the liver maintain normal blood glucose levels?

    <p>By regulating insulin and glucagon levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone play in blood glucose regulation?

    <p>Insulin promotes glucose uptake by cells, while glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to excessive muscle glycolysis according to the text?

    <p>Seizures or medication that increase glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of bile?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of urobilinogens in the body?

    <p>Giving color to feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do liver enzymes contribute to drug metabolism?

    <p>By adding polar groups to facilitate excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bile salts in fat absorption?

    <p>Solubilizing excreted lipids in bile and dietary lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the color of urobilinogens?

    <p>They give color to feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cytochrome P-450 system in drug metabolism?

    <p>Hydroxylation and oxidation of drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to bile salts after aiding in fat absorption?

    <p>They are reabsorbed in the terminal ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about bilirubin metabolism?

    <p>Glucuronic acid residues are hydrolyzed during bilirubin metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ALT in the liver?

    <p>Indicating hepatocellular injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is used to confirm that elevated ALP is specifically from liver or biliary tree damage?

    <p>GGT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an elevated INR in liver disease indicate?

    <p>Impaired blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to thrombocytopenia due to splenomegaly?

    <p>Portal hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the liver play in systemic catabolic states?

    <p>Release of glucose into circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor regulates enzyme expression and activity related to liver metabolism?

    <p>Hormones like insulin and glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In liver cirrhosis, what can elevated levels of bilirubin indicate?

    <p>Bile duct obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of albumin produced by the liver?

    <p>Transporting hormones and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the urobilinogens produced during bilirubin metabolism?

    <p>Contribute to fecal coloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In systemic catabolic states, what role does the liver play in maintaining normal blood glucose levels?

    <p>Stimulating gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a function of hepatic metabolism of bilirubin?

    <p>Detoxification of heme groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the liver primarily store nutrients?

    <p>Intracellularly as glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process does the liver primarily use to metabolize ammonia?

    <p>Urea cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of plasma proteins produced during an acute phase reaction with low oncotic pressure?

    <p>Regulate osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the liver contribute to maintaining normal blood glucose levels?

    <p>By converting lactate to glucose via gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major role of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in lipid metabolism?

    <p>Transporting dietary triglycerides to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is ammonia, generated during amino acid metabolism, detoxified in the liver?

    <p>Converted to urea and excreted by the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hepatocytes in bilirubin metabolism in the liver?

    <p>Conjugate bilirubin with glucuronic acid to make it water soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process enables the liver to detoxify ammonia into urea?

    <p>The urea cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the liver in storing nutrients?

    <p>Storing glycogen and fat-soluble vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of conjugated bilirubin once it is produced in the liver?

    <p>Actively transported across bile canaliculi to concentrate bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are predominantly synthesized by the liver during the acute phase reaction described in the text?

    <p>Albumin and transferrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of urea cycle dysfunction leading to ammonia accumulation, what symptoms may manifest according to the text?

    <p>'Brain fog' and difficulty speaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the liver regulate blood glucose levels?

    <p>By synthesizing ketone bodies from triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of liver failure regarding glucose production?

    <p>Impaired conversion of lactate to glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions does the liver metabolize triglycerides into ketone bodies?

    <p>When glucose levels are low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the liver's role in amino acid metabolism?

    <p>It converts ammonia to urea for excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does liver failure contribute to lactic acidosis?

    <p>By impairing lactate conversion to glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of liver failure on plasma protein production?

    <p>Impaired synthesis of clotting proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is negatively impacted in the liver during lactic acidosis?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis from lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of impaired plasma protein production by the liver?

    <p>Decreased clotting factor production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is liver-specific and can be used as a marker for hepatocellular injury?

    <p>Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ammonia metabolism in the liver?

    <p>Converting ammonia to urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In systemic anabolic states, what is the liver responsible for primarily?

    <p>Storing energy-rich nutrients from the portal circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the liver contribute to maintaining normal blood glucose levels?

    <p>By converting glycogen to glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a crucial role in regulating enzyme expression and activity related to liver metabolism?

    <p>Hormones like insulin and glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma protein is primarily involved in hepatic cell signaling?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an elevated INR in liver disease often indicate?

    <p>Impaired blood clotting and easy bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of storing nutrients in the liver?

    <p>To regulate blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme confirms that elevated ALP is specifically from liver or biliary tree damage?

    <p>Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is essential for synthesizing bile salts from cholesterol?

    <p>Hydroxylation by cytochrome P-450 system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In systemic catabolic states, what is the primary function of the liver?

    <p>Release stored glucose into circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of plasma proteins synthesized by the liver during acute phase reactions?

    <p>Responding to inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which marker indicates damage to the biliary tree and helps confirm that ALP elevation is from liver or biliary tree injury?

    <p>(GGT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the color of feces and urine due to the metabolism of bilirubin?

    <p>Formation of urobilinogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

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