Functions of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the Trochlear Nerve (IV)?

  • Facial sensation, chewing
  • Taste, salivation, swallowing
  • Hearing and balance
  • Eye movement (correct)

    • Which of the following nerves is purely sensory?

  • Trigeminal Nerve (V)
  • Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII) (correct)
  • Facial Nerve (VII)
  • Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

    • What is the type of the Oculomotor Nerve (III)?

  • Sensory
  • Autonomic
  • Motor (correct)
  • Both sensory and motor

    • Which nerve is responsible for tongue movement?

    <p>Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Abducens Nerve (VI)?

    <p>Eye movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerves is both sensory and motor?

    <p>Trigeminal Nerve (V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Accessory Nerve (XI)?

    <p>Shoulder and neck movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerves is responsible for autonomic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract?

    <p>Vagus Nerve (X)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the parietal lobe?

    <p>Sensory perception and integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus and organelles?

    <p>Cell Body (Soma)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

    <p>Coordination of voluntary movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myelin sheath?

    <p>Insulating the axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve controls the muscles of facial expression?

    <p>Facial Nerve (VII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the medulla oblongata?

    <p>Regulation of vital autonomic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the synapse?

    <p>Junction between neurons where neurotransmitters are released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?

    <p>Visual processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Central Nervous System (CNS)

    • Consists of the brain and spinal cord
    • Integrates sensory information, coordinates bodily functions, and responds to external stimuli

    Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    • Consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves
    • Connects the CNS to limbs and organs, serves as a communication relay between the brain and the extremities

    Functions of the Lobes of the Cerebrum

    Frontal Lobe

    • Controls voluntary movement, decision making, problem-solving, planning, and speech production (Broca's area)

    Parietal Lobe

    • Involved in sensory perception and integration, spatial awareness, and navigation

    Occipital Lobe

    • Responsible for visual processing

    Temporal Lobe

    • Involved in auditory processing, memory, and speech comprehension (Wernicke's area)

    Functions of the Cerebellum

    • Coordinates voluntary movements, balance, posture, and motor learning

    Functions of the Medulla Oblongata

    • Regulates vital autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration

    Features of a Neuron

    Cell Body (Soma)

    • Contains the nucleus and organelles, integrates incoming signals

    Dendrites

    • Receive signals from other neurons

    Axon

    • Transmits signals away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles

    Myelin Sheath

    • Insulates the axon, increasing the speed of signal transmission

    Synapse

    • Junction between neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals

    Functions of Facial Nerves (Cranial Nerve VII)

    • Controls the muscles of facial expression, taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and lacrimal and salivary glands

    Functions of the 12 Cranial Nerves

    Olfactory Nerve (I)

    • Responsible for the sense of smell
    • Type: Sensory

    Optic Nerve (II)

    • Responsible for vision
    • Type: Sensory

    Oculomotor Nerve (III)

    • Controls eye movement, pupil constriction
    • Innervates: Superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles
    • Type: Motor

    Trochlear Nerve (IV)

    • Controls eye movement
    • Innervates: Superior oblique muscle
    • Type: Motor

    Trigeminal Nerve (V)

    • Involved in facial sensation, chewing
    • Innervates: Muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis)
    • Type: Both sensory and motor

    Abducens Nerve (VI)

    • Controls eye movement
    • Innervates: Lateral rectus muscle
    • Type: Motor

    Facial Nerve (VII)

    • Involved in facial expression, taste, salivary and lacrimal glands
    • Innervates: Muscles of facial expression
    • Type: Both sensory and motor

    Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)

    • Responsible for hearing and balance
    • Type: Sensory

    Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

    • Involved in taste, salivation, swallowing
    • Innervates: Pharyngeal muscles
    • Type: Both sensory and motor

    Vagus Nerve (X)

    • Involved in autonomic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract, taste, and speech
    • Innervates: Muscles of the larynx and pharynx, heart, lungs, digestive tract
    • Type: Both sensory and motor

    Accessory Nerve (XI)

    • Controls shoulder and neck movement
    • Innervates: Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
    • Type: Motor

    Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

    • Controls tongue movement
    • Innervates: Muscles of the tongue
    • Type: Motor

    Purely Sensory vs Purely Motor Nerves

    • Purely Sensory: Olfactory (I), Optic (II), Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
    • Purely Motor: Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI), Accessory (XI), Hypoglossal (XII)

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    Description

    This quiz covers the components and functions of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), including the integration of sensory information and coordination of bodily functions.

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