3)Functions of Amnion in Pregnancy

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What is the function of the allantois in the embryonic period?

It plays a role in respiration and exchanges gases with the chorionic membrane.

It participates in the development of the bladder and is the site of urine storage.

It participates in the development of blood and umbilical cord vessels.

All of the above. (correct)

When does the umbilical cord begin to form?

At the 8-10 week of development. (correct)

At the 3rd week of development.

At the 5th week of development.

At the 2nd month of development.

What is the purpose of the umbilical cord in the womb?

To provide oxygen and nutrients needed for the embryo to grow.

To protect the vessels that travel between the fetus and the placenta.

To connect the embryo/fetus to the maternal placenta.

All of the above. (correct)

What is the role of the placenta and amnion after the second month of development?

They begin to function after the allantois regresses. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent severe meconium aspiration in the fetus?

Monitoring the amniotic fluid for meconium and watching for fetal distress. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the allantois in the development of the $ ext{umbilical cord}$ and $ ext{blood vessels}$?

The allantois participates in the development of both the umbilical cord and the blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the amnion?

To protect the fetus from mechanical impacts and infections Signup and view all the answers

What is oligohydramnios?

A deficiency of amniotic fluid, typically less than 500 ml Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of polyhydramnios (excess amniotic fluid)?

Fetal esophageal atresia or goiter Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the umbilical cord?

To facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste between the mother and fetus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the amnion?

Facilitating the exchange of nutrients between the mother and fetus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that contributes to the symmetrical growth of the embryo?

The amnion Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main hormones produced by the placenta during pregnancy?

Progesterone and estrogen Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is synthesized in the second week of pregnancy and suppresses the menstrual cycle?

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of a Rubella infection during pregnancy?

Increased risk of miscarriage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a potential consequence of a Rubella infection during pregnancy?

Increased height Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy?

Consuming undercooked meat Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the narrowing of one or more branches of the pulmonary arteries, a potential consequence of Rubella infection during pregnancy?

Peripheral pulmonary stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of trophoblast cells?

To provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into the placenta Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cytotrophoblast?

A layer of mitotically active cells around the amnion and yolk sac Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the syncytiotrophoblast?

A more superficial, non-mitotic mass of multinucleated cytoplasm that invades the surrounding stroma Signup and view all the answers

What is the chorion?

The fetal placenta formed from the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast layers Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the chorion laeve?

The smooth part of the chorion that lacks villi and is not part of the placenta Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chorionic villi?

To be involved in fetal-maternal exchange, including nutrient and gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the decidua are potentially targeted by the maternal immune system?

Cytotrophoblast cells Signup and view all the answers

Which substances secreted by decidual cells help inhibit activation of maternal immune cells?

Prostaglandins and other immunosuppressants Signup and view all the answers

What prevents the initiation of tissue rejection despite exposure of chorionic villi cells to maternal immune cells?

Absence of major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens in syncytiotrophoblast Signup and view all the answers

Which substances are transported from the mother to the fetus via passive transport by simple diffusion?

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

How are amino acids and vitamins transported between the placenta and the mother?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

Which maternal antibodies are transported to the fetus?

IgG Signup and view all the answers