7.1 Part 2

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of arterioles in the circulatory system?

Carry oxygenated blood back to the lungs

Provide resistance to blood flow (correct)

Supply blood to the heart

Transport nutrients to cells

Dilation of arterioles decreases blood flow to downstream capillaries.

False

What are the two major branches that the abdominal aorta splits into?

Common iliac arteries

The section of the aorta between the ascending and descending aorta is called the ______.

aortic arch Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the kidneys?

Renal arteries Signup and view all the answers

Match the following arteries with their respective supplies:

Celiac artery = Supplies the liver, stomach, spleen Superior mesenteric artery = Supplies the distal duodenum and jejuno-ileum Inferior mesenteric artery = Supplies the large intestine from the end of the transverse colon to the rectum Gonadal arteries = Supplies testicular and ovarian arteries Signup and view all the answers

Hypertension is a condition characterized by persistently low blood pressure.

False Signup and view all the answers

What medical condition is commonly referred to as high blood pressure?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which type of artery contains more elastic tissue and helps maintain a constant pressure gradient?

Elastic arteries Signup and view all the answers

Pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name the primary function of arteries.

To carry blood away from the heart. Signup and view all the answers

The smallest type of artery that distributes blood flow into capillary beds is called an __________.

arteriole Signup and view all the answers

Match the following arteries with their definition:

Elastic arteries = Contain more elastic tissue and maintain pressure Muscular arteries = Branch into smaller arteries and arterioles Arterioles = Primary resistance vessels for blood flow distribution Signup and view all the answers

What type of arterial structure allows for contraction and expansion based on blood demand?

Muscular arteries Signup and view all the answers

Arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the body's tissues and organs.

True Signup and view all the answers

Identify one main branch of the aortic arch and its supply.

Brachiocephalic trunk, supplies the right arm and head. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functions of Arteries

Arteries transport blood away from the heart.
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Systemic arteries carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.

Types of Arteries

Elastic Arteries:
- Located nearest to the heart (aorta and pulmonary arteries).
- Contain more elastic tissue than muscular arteries.
- Maintain a relatively constant pressure gradient due to elastic tissue.
Muscular Arteries:
- Medium-sized arteries.
- Branch from elastic arteries and lead to smaller arteries and arterioles.
- Contain more smooth muscle, allowing for vasoconstriction and vasodilation based on blood demand.
Arterioles:
- Considered the primary resistance vessels.
- Distribute blood flow into capillary beds.
- Provide about 80% of the total resistance to blood flow.
- Constriction increases resistance, decreasing blood flow to capillaries and raising blood pressure.
- Dilation decreases resistance, increasing blood flow to capillaries and lowering blood pressure.

The Aorta

The aorta is the main artery in the body.
It carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle.
Parts of the aorta include:
- Ascending aorta
- Aortic arch
- Descending aorta (Thoracic aorta)
- Abdominal aorta

Aortic Arch

Located between the ascending and descending aorta.
Supplies the head, neck, and upper limbs.
Main branches:
- Brachiocephalic trunk
  - Right common carotid artery (internal and external)
  - Right subclavian artery (supplies right vertebral artery)
- Left common carotid artery (internal and external)
- Left subclavian artery (supplies left vertebral artery)

Abdominal Aorta

Continuation of the thoracic aorta.
Begins at the diaphragm and descends to the point where it splits into two common iliac arteries.
Supplies oxygenated blood to all abdominal and pelvic organs and the legs.
Main branches:
- Single (unpaired)
  - Celiac trunk: Supplies the liver, stomach, spleen, superior duodenum, and superior pancreas.
  - Superior mesenteric artery: Supplies the distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, and part of the transverse colon.
  - Inferior mesenteric artery: Supplies the large intestine from the end of the transverse colon to the rectum.
- Paired
  - Suprarenal arteries: Supply the adrenal glands.
  - Renal arteries: Supply the kidneys.
  - Gonadal arteries: Male gonadal (testicular) artery and female gonadal (ovarian) artery.

Hypertension

Also known as high blood pressure.
Characterized by persistently raised pressure in blood vessels.
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries as it is pumped by the heart.
Higher pressure means the heart has to work harder to pump blood.
Hypertension is a serious condition that increases the risk of heart, brain, kidney, and other diseases.

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Description

Explore the essential functions and various types of arteries in the human circulatory system. This quiz covers the transportation of blood and the structural differences between elastic, muscular arteries, and arterioles. Test your knowledge on how these vessels contribute to maintaining blood pressure and distribution.