Functions and Divisions of the Skeletal System
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Functions and Divisions of the Skeletal System

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Questions and Answers

What are the two main divisions of the adult skeleton?

  • Long and Short Bones
  • Axial and Appendicular Skeleton (correct)
  • Flat and Irregular Bones
  • Cranial and Facial Skeleton

    • Which type of bone is characterized by being cube-shaped and nearly equal in length and width?

  • Short Bones (correct)
  • Irregular Bones
  • Long Bones
  • Flat Bones

    • Which of the following types of bones primarily provides protection and areas for muscle attachment?

  • Flat Bones (correct)
  • Long Bones
  • Sesamoid Bones
  • Irregular Bones

    • Which type of bone develops in tendons under considerable friction, tension, and physical strain?

    <p>Sesamoid Bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone type is typically longer than it is wide?

    <p>Long Bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone does not fit into the other classifications due to its complex shape?

    <p>Irregular Bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes long bones from short and flat bones?

    <p>Their elongated structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristics are associated with flat bones?

    <p>Slightly curved for strength and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of connective tissue found in the skeletal system?

    <p>Bone and Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue is responsible for connecting muscles to bones?

    <p>Dense Regular Connective Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the skeletal system is NOT composed of bone?

    <p>Muscular Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the types of connective tissue in the skeletal system?

    <p>Composition of the extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of the skeletal system does NOT relate to bone tissue?

    <p>Transporting oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is part of the thoracic cage?

    <p>Ribcage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is NOT considered part of the skeletal system?

    <p>Cardiac Muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is primarily involved in generating heat during the movement of body parts?

    <p>Muscular Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are fontanelles in the skull?

    <p>Mesenchyme-filled spaces present at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone in the skull is movable?

    <p>Mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cervical vertebrae are present in the vertebral column?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the vertebral column primarily protect?

    <p>The spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average length of the vertebral column in adult females?

    <p>61 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the vertebral column forms the coccyx in adulthood?

    <p>Sacral vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the foramina, fissures, and processes on the skull serve as?

    <p>Surfaces for muscle attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cranial cavity and facial bones?

    <p>To protect special sense organs and support the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint allows for movement around two axes?

    <p>1st Carpometacarpal Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes osteoporosis in older women?

    <p>Decline in estrogen production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of abnormal curvature results in a hunchback appearance?

    <p>Increased thoracic curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about synovial joints is true?

    <p>They have articular surfaces covered with articular cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of inadequate calcification of the extracellular bone matrix?

    <p>Osteomalacia and rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are part of the thoracic cage?

    <p>Ribs and sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of ribs make up the human ribcage?

    <p>12 pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The movement allowed at the elbow joint is best described as:

    <p>Movement around one axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to osteoporosis based on bone density differences between genders?

    <p>Men's bones are more massive than women's bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pubic symphysis?

    <p>A joint between the hip bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of synovial fluid in synovial joints?

    <p>To lubricate the joint and reduce friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape is the thoracic cage characterized as being?

    <p>Flattened from front to back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which joint does rotation occur?

    <p>Proximal Radioulnar Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the bony pelvis?

    <p>Two hip bones, the sacrum, and coccyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the thoracic cage?

    <p>To support the bones of the upper limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure formed by the complete ring of the hip bones and sacrum called?

    <p>Pelvic girdle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Functions of the Skeletal System

    • Provides support and structure for the body.
    • Protects vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.
    • Facilitates movement by serving as attachment points for muscles.
    • Stores minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorus.
    • Produces blood cells within the bone marrow.

    Divisions of the Skeletal System

    • Axial Skeleton: Includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
    • Appendicular Skeleton: Comprises the limb bones and the pelvic girdle.

    Types of Bones

    • Long Bones: Greater length than width, slightly curved for strength. Examples include femur and humerus.
    • Short Bones: Nearly equal length and width, cube-shaped. Examples include carpals and tarsals.
    • Flat Bones: Provide protection and extensive areas for muscle attachment. Examples include the skull and scapula.
    • Irregular Bones: Complex shapes that do not fit into other categories. Examples include vertebrae.
    • Sesamoid Bones: Develop in tendons under physical strain. Example includes the patella.

    Skull/Craniums Features

    • Composed of cranial bones that protect the brain and facial bones for structure.
    • Fontanelles are soft spots present at birth, allowing for growth.
    • Mandible is the only moveable bone of the skull.
    • Contains foramina and fissures for nerves and blood vessels.

    Vertebral Column

    • Composed of vertebrae, enclosing and protecting the spinal cord.
    • Average adult male: approximately 71 cm; average adult female: approximately 61 cm.
    • Composed of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused into 1 sacrum), and 4 coccygeal (fused into 1 coccyx) vertebrae.

    Curvatures of the Vertebral Column

    • Primary Curvature: Existing at birth (thoracic and sacral).
    • Secondary Curvature: Develops later (cervical and lumbar) for better weight distribution.

    Abnormal Curvatures

    • Scoliosis: Lateral bending of the vertebral column.
    • Kyphosis: Increased thoracic curve, resulting in a hunchback appearance.
    • Lordosis: Increased lumbar curve.

    Thoracic Cage

    • Composed of the sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, and thoracic vertebrae.
    • Protects organs in the thoracic and superior abdominal cavities.
    • Supports the upper limb bones.

    Pelvis

    • Composed of two hip bones, the sacrum, and coccyx.
    • Hypertension occurs at the pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joints, forming a basin-like structure called the bony pelvis.

    Joints

    • Synovial Joints: Characterized by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, facilitating movement.
    • Joint surfaces are covered with articular cartilage.

    Osteoporosis

    • Occurs when bone resorption exceeds bone formation, often due to calcium depletion.
    • More prevalent in older women due to lower bone mass and hormonal changes post-menopause.

    Rickets and Osteomalacia

    • Result from vitamin D deficiency, leading to inadequate calcification of bones.

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    Description

    Explore the essential functions of the skeletal system, including support, protection, and movement. Understand the different divisions of the skeletal system, such as the axial and appendicular skeletons, along with the types of bones. This quiz will test your knowledge on key skeletal system concepts.

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