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Questions and Answers
What are the two main divisions of the adult skeleton?
What are the two main divisions of the adult skeleton?
- Long and Short Bones
- Axial and Appendicular Skeleton (correct)
- Flat and Irregular Bones
- Cranial and Facial Skeleton
Which type of bone is characterized by being cube-shaped and nearly equal in length and width?
Which type of bone is characterized by being cube-shaped and nearly equal in length and width?
- Short Bones (correct)
- Irregular Bones
- Long Bones
- Flat Bones
Which of the following types of bones primarily provides protection and areas for muscle attachment?
Which of the following types of bones primarily provides protection and areas for muscle attachment?
- Flat Bones (correct)
- Long Bones
- Sesamoid Bones
- Irregular Bones
Which type of bone develops in tendons under considerable friction, tension, and physical strain?
Which type of bone develops in tendons under considerable friction, tension, and physical strain?
Which bone type is typically longer than it is wide?
Which bone type is typically longer than it is wide?
Which type of bone does not fit into the other classifications due to its complex shape?
Which type of bone does not fit into the other classifications due to its complex shape?
What distinguishes long bones from short and flat bones?
What distinguishes long bones from short and flat bones?
Which characteristics are associated with flat bones?
Which characteristics are associated with flat bones?
What are the two main types of connective tissue found in the skeletal system?
What are the two main types of connective tissue found in the skeletal system?
Which type of connective tissue is responsible for connecting muscles to bones?
Which type of connective tissue is responsible for connecting muscles to bones?
Which part of the skeletal system is NOT composed of bone?
Which part of the skeletal system is NOT composed of bone?
What distinguishes the types of connective tissue in the skeletal system?
What distinguishes the types of connective tissue in the skeletal system?
Which function of the skeletal system does NOT relate to bone tissue?
Which function of the skeletal system does NOT relate to bone tissue?
Which of the following structures is part of the thoracic cage?
Which of the following structures is part of the thoracic cage?
Which type of muscle is NOT considered part of the skeletal system?
Which type of muscle is NOT considered part of the skeletal system?
Which component is primarily involved in generating heat during the movement of body parts?
Which component is primarily involved in generating heat during the movement of body parts?
What are fontanelles in the skull?
What are fontanelles in the skull?
Which bone in the skull is movable?
Which bone in the skull is movable?
How many cervical vertebrae are present in the vertebral column?
How many cervical vertebrae are present in the vertebral column?
What does the vertebral column primarily protect?
What does the vertebral column primarily protect?
What is the average length of the vertebral column in adult females?
What is the average length of the vertebral column in adult females?
Which part of the vertebral column forms the coccyx in adulthood?
Which part of the vertebral column forms the coccyx in adulthood?
What do the foramina, fissures, and processes on the skull serve as?
What do the foramina, fissures, and processes on the skull serve as?
What is the role of the cranial cavity and facial bones?
What is the role of the cranial cavity and facial bones?
Which joint allows for movement around two axes?
Which joint allows for movement around two axes?
What primarily causes osteoporosis in older women?
What primarily causes osteoporosis in older women?
What type of abnormal curvature results in a hunchback appearance?
What type of abnormal curvature results in a hunchback appearance?
Which of the following statements about synovial joints is true?
Which of the following statements about synovial joints is true?
What is a primary consequence of inadequate calcification of the extracellular bone matrix?
What is a primary consequence of inadequate calcification of the extracellular bone matrix?
Which bones are part of the thoracic cage?
Which bones are part of the thoracic cage?
How many pairs of ribs make up the human ribcage?
How many pairs of ribs make up the human ribcage?
The movement allowed at the elbow joint is best described as:
The movement allowed at the elbow joint is best described as:
Which factor contributes to osteoporosis based on bone density differences between genders?
Which factor contributes to osteoporosis based on bone density differences between genders?
What is the pubic symphysis?
What is the pubic symphysis?
What is the function of synovial fluid in synovial joints?
What is the function of synovial fluid in synovial joints?
What shape is the thoracic cage characterized as being?
What shape is the thoracic cage characterized as being?
In which joint does rotation occur?
In which joint does rotation occur?
What forms the bony pelvis?
What forms the bony pelvis?
What is the primary function of the thoracic cage?
What is the primary function of the thoracic cage?
What is the structure formed by the complete ring of the hip bones and sacrum called?
What is the structure formed by the complete ring of the hip bones and sacrum called?
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Study Notes
Functions of the Skeletal System
- Provides support and structure for the body.
- Protects vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.
- Facilitates movement by serving as attachment points for muscles.
- Stores minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorus.
- Produces blood cells within the bone marrow.
Divisions of the Skeletal System
- Axial Skeleton: Includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
- Appendicular Skeleton: Comprises the limb bones and the pelvic girdle.
Types of Bones
- Long Bones: Greater length than width, slightly curved for strength. Examples include femur and humerus.
- Short Bones: Nearly equal length and width, cube-shaped. Examples include carpals and tarsals.
- Flat Bones: Provide protection and extensive areas for muscle attachment. Examples include the skull and scapula.
- Irregular Bones: Complex shapes that do not fit into other categories. Examples include vertebrae.
- Sesamoid Bones: Develop in tendons under physical strain. Example includes the patella.
Skull/Craniums Features
- Composed of cranial bones that protect the brain and facial bones for structure.
- Fontanelles are soft spots present at birth, allowing for growth.
- Mandible is the only moveable bone of the skull.
- Contains foramina and fissures for nerves and blood vessels.
Vertebral Column
- Composed of vertebrae, enclosing and protecting the spinal cord.
- Average adult male: approximately 71 cm; average adult female: approximately 61 cm.
- Composed of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused into 1 sacrum), and 4 coccygeal (fused into 1 coccyx) vertebrae.
Curvatures of the Vertebral Column
- Primary Curvature: Existing at birth (thoracic and sacral).
- Secondary Curvature: Develops later (cervical and lumbar) for better weight distribution.
Abnormal Curvatures
- Scoliosis: Lateral bending of the vertebral column.
- Kyphosis: Increased thoracic curve, resulting in a hunchback appearance.
- Lordosis: Increased lumbar curve.
Thoracic Cage
- Composed of the sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, and thoracic vertebrae.
- Protects organs in the thoracic and superior abdominal cavities.
- Supports the upper limb bones.
Pelvis
- Composed of two hip bones, the sacrum, and coccyx.
- Hypertension occurs at the pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joints, forming a basin-like structure called the bony pelvis.
Joints
- Synovial Joints: Characterized by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, facilitating movement.
- Joint surfaces are covered with articular cartilage.
Osteoporosis
- Occurs when bone resorption exceeds bone formation, often due to calcium depletion.
- More prevalent in older women due to lower bone mass and hormonal changes post-menopause.
Rickets and Osteomalacia
- Result from vitamin D deficiency, leading to inadequate calcification of bones.
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