Functional Structure and Physiology of Gastrointestinal Tract Part 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of mastication in the oral cavity?

  • Facilitation of speech and deglutition
  • Activation of salivary glands
  • Preparation of food for swallowing and digestion (correct)
  • Stimulation of taste and smell receptors
  • What is the pH of saliva in the mouth?

  • pH 7.0
  • More alkaline due to loss of CO2 (correct)
  • pH 6.3-6.8
  • Slightly acidic
  • Which pair of salivary glands secretes a watery and enzyme-rich secretion?

  • Sublingual and facial glands
  • Parotid and sublingual glands
  • Parotid and submaxillary glands (correct)
  • Submaxillary and facial glands
  • What is the main function of saliva in the oral cavity?

    <p>Preparation of food for swallowing and digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the parotid gland with secretory fibers?

    <p>Facial nerve (VII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate total daily secretion volume of saliva?

    <p>~2 L/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lingual lipase?

    <p>Digestion of 30% of lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is HCl secreted from?

    <p>Oxyntic (parietal) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysozymes and Immunoglobulins A in the mouth?

    <p>Cleaning (hygiene) by washing and antibacterial effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal pH for salivary α-amylase (ptyalin) to function optimally?

    <p>6.9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the gastric glands secrete pepsinogen?

    <p>Chief cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pepsinogens I & II?

    <p>To digest proteins into polypeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysozymes and Immunoglobulins A in the mouth?

    <p>Protect against infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gastric lipase in the stomach?

    <p>Digest 30% of lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lingual lipase in the oral cavity?

    <p>Digest 30% of lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Functional Structure of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)

    • The GIT consists of various organs responsible for the digestion and absorption of food.
    • It has a complex arrangement that facilitates different digestive functions, including mechanical and chemical breakdown.

    Physiology of Oropharynx

    • The oropharynx plays a critical role in swallowing and the passage of food from the mouth to the esophagus.
    • It acts as a pathway for both food and air.

    Function of the Stomach

    • The stomach is involved in the breakdown of food particles and the mixing of food with digestive juices.
    • It regulates the passage of partially digested food into the small intestine.

    Function of the Intestine

    • The intestines are primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients and water from digested food.
    • They also play a role in the formation of feces.

    Function of the Oral Cavity

    • Mastication: Mechanical breakdown of food through chewing.
      • Enhances taste and smell, contributing to satiety.
      • Aids in swallowing and digestion.

    Salivary Secretion

    • Saliva production is approximately 1.5 liters per day.
    • Saliva is hypotonic with a pH of 6.3-6.8; it becomes more alkaline in the mouth due to CO2 loss.
    • Salivary Glands: Composed of three pairs.
      • Parotid Gland: Produces ~20% of saliva; secretes serous (watery, enzyme-rich) saliva.
      • Submaxillary Gland: Produces ~75% of saliva; secretes serous saliva.
      • Sublingual Gland: Produces ~5% of saliva; secretes mixed (thick, mucin-rich) saliva.

    Functions of Saliva

    • Facilitates speech and swallowing (deglutition).
    • Aids in the initial stages of digestion by providing enzymes and moisture.

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    Description

    This lecture covers the functional structure of the gastrointestinal tract, the physiology of the oropharynx, as well as the functions of the stomach and intestine. It also discusses the process of mastication (chewing) and its definition.

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