Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the primary issue with the IHLS?
What was the primary issue with the IHLS?
- It lacked a Functional Safety Management (FSM)
- It had a faulty Hazard and Risk Analysis (H&RA)
- It had an ineffective error culture
- It required a padlock to retain its check lever in a working position (correct)
What is a key principle of process safety management?
What is a key principle of process safety management?
- Implementing a clear understanding of major accident risks and safety critical equipment (correct)
- Reducing the number of Hazard and Risk Analysis (H&RA) executions
- Removing pressure on staff and managers
- Conducting frequent and effective assessments and audits
What was the consequence of the Deepwater Horizon Rig Accident?
What was the consequence of the Deepwater Horizon Rig Accident?
- The rig sank after 12 hours
- 11 people injured and 17 killed
- A USD 10 billion relief fund was set up
- 11 people killed and 17 injured (correct)
What is a recommended approach to safety critical equipment?
What is a recommended approach to safety critical equipment?
What was the environmental consequence of the Deepwater Horizon Rig Accident?
What was the environmental consequence of the Deepwater Horizon Rig Accident?
What is a key aspect of Functional Safety Management (FSM)?
What is a key aspect of Functional Safety Management (FSM)?
What was the duration of the fire on the Deepwater Horizon rig?
What was the duration of the fire on the Deepwater Horizon rig?
What was the amount of the relief fund set up by BP?
What was the amount of the relief fund set up by BP?
What is the primary purpose of the Safety Integrity Level (SIL)?
What is the primary purpose of the Safety Integrity Level (SIL)?
How is the required SIL level determined?
How is the required SIL level determined?
What is the role of the Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) in the safety system?
What is the role of the Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) in the safety system?
Which of the following is an example of a technical requirement defined by SIL?
Which of the following is an example of a technical requirement defined by SIL?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of human error as defined by IEC 61511-1?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of human error as defined by IEC 61511-1?
How does human error contribute to common cause failures?
How does human error contribute to common cause failures?
How is the Risk Reduction Factor (RRF) related to the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD)?
How is the Risk Reduction Factor (RRF) related to the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD)?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between hazard analysis and SIL?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between hazard analysis and SIL?
What is the primary purpose of protection layers in process safety?
What is the primary purpose of protection layers in process safety?
Which layer is primarily responsible for providing active intervention during an emergency?
Which layer is primarily responsible for providing active intervention during an emergency?
Human error is categorized in hazard analysis as what type of failure?
Human error is categorized in hazard analysis as what type of failure?
What does the term 'process safety time' refer to?
What does the term 'process safety time' refer to?
Which of the following is an example of a passive protection layer?
Which of the following is an example of a passive protection layer?
In the context of hazard analysis, what does a high-level alarm indicate?
In the context of hazard analysis, what does a high-level alarm indicate?
What type of protection layer involves human operator intervention?
What type of protection layer involves human operator intervention?
What aspect should not be considered when evaluating systematic failures?
What aspect should not be considered when evaluating systematic failures?
Which protective device can be classified as an isolated protection layer?
Which protective device can be classified as an isolated protection layer?
What is NOT a characteristic of the Safety Instrumented System (SIS)?
What is NOT a characteristic of the Safety Instrumented System (SIS)?
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Study Notes
Protection Layers (PL)
- Emergency response layer: Engages in plant emergency scenarios.
- Passive protection layer includes features like embankments and bunkers.
- Active protection layer features such as controlled relief valves and fire & gas (F&G) systems.
- Safety Instrumented System (SIS): Executes emergency shutdown actions.
- Alarm and operator intervention address process parameters out of control.
- Basic Process Control System (BPCS) manages normal process behavior.
Human Error
- Human error is categorized as neither random nor systematic failure.
- Acts of human error often lead to systematic failures.
- Recognized types of human error include mistakes, slips, and lapses.
- Human error can contribute to both common cause failures and security issues.
Deepwater Horizon Rig Accident
- Occurred on April 20, 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico.
- Resulted from hydrocarbon escape from the Macondo well, causing explosions and fire.
- Casualties included 11 fatalities and 17 injuries; a massive fire lasted 36 hours.
- Approximately 780 million liters of hydrocarbons leaked for 87 days, leading to significant environmental pollution.
- BP established a USD 20 billion relief fund in response.
Safety Integrity Level (SIL)
- SIL ranges from 1 to 4; higher levels indicate greater safety integrity.
- Required SIL is determined through hazard and risk analysis.
- SIL applies to Safety Instrumented Functions (SIF) within a Safety Instrumented System (SIS).
- SIL specifications include both technical (e.g., design parameters) and non-technical (e.g., independence in assessments) requirements.
- Defines target Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD) and Risk Reduction Factor (RRF).
Recommendations from Incident Analysis
- Implement key process safety management principles.
- Develop a comprehensive understanding of major accident risks and critical equipment.
- Quickly detect and respond to signals of failure in safety-critical equipment.
- Mitigate pressure on personnel and leadership.
- Conduct frequent and effective assessments and audits.
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