Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry

Questions and Answers

What is the name of a compound that ends in '-al' and has one terminal carbonyl?

Carboxylic Acid

Alcohol

Ketone

Aldehyde (correct)

What is the definition of an aldehyde?

Aldehyde

What type of compound ends in '-one' and has one intermediate carbonyl?

Amide

Ester

Alcohol

Ketone (correct)

What is the definition of a ketone?

Ketone Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of a compound that ends in '-ol' and has one hydroxide branch?

Alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an alcohol?

Alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of a compound that ends in '-oic' and has a terminal carbonyl with a hydroxide branch?

Carboxylic Acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a carboxylic acid?

Carboxylic Acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of a compound that has a terminal N group and is named by including 'amine'?

Amine Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an amine?

Amine Signup and view all the answers

What type of compound has the suffix '-amide' and includes a carbonyl branch on the same carbon?

Amide Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an amide?

Amide Signup and view all the answers

What is the compound formed by combining an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

Ester Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an ester?

Ester Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is broken into two parts, with the shorter chain ending in '-oxy'?

Ether Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an ether?

Ether Signup and view all the answers

What type of compound is referred to as Halogenoalkane?

Halogenated Alkane Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a halogenoalkane?

Halogenoalkane Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of methane?

1-carbon chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of ethane?

2-carbon chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of propane?

3-carbon chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of butane?

4-carbon chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of pentane?

5-carbon chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of hexane?

6-carbon chain Signup and view all the answers

What does '-ane' signify in organic nomenclature?

Carbon chain that contains only single bonds Signup and view all the answers

What does '-ene' signify in organic nomenclature?

Carbon chain that contains at least one double bond Signup and view all the answers

What does '-yne' signify in organic nomenclature?

Carbon chain that contains at least one triple bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule for creating alkyl names?

Drop '-ane' and replace with '-yl' Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cyclo-' mean in organic naming?

The prefix if a carbon ring Signup and view all the answers

The steps for IUPAC naming include counting the longest carbon chain and naming it according to bond lengths, numbering functional groups to give the lowest set of numbers, and arranging in _____ order.

alphabetical Signup and view all the answers

According to the naming hierarchy, the order is: Aldehydes, Carboxylic Acid, and Amides are at the _____, followed by Ketones.

top Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functional Groups and Organic Compound Naming

Aldehydes end in "-al" and feature a terminal carbonyl group.
Ketones have an intermediate carbonyl and end in "-one".
Alcohols are identified by the suffix "-ol" and have a hydroxide branch, starting with "hydroxy-" if combined with another functional group.
Carboxylic acids end with "-oic" and "acid," possessing both a terminal carbonyl and hydroxide branch on the same carbon.

Amine and Amide Characteristics

Amines conclude with "-amine" and contain a terminal nitrogen group, beginning with "amino-" when paired with another functional group.
Amides are marked by the suffix "-amide," having a terminal nitrogen and carbonyl branch on the same carbon.

Ester and Ether Formation

Esters result from the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, characterized by an intermediate carbonyl and an oxygen atom, changing the alcohol name to "-yl" and the acid name to "-oate."
Ethers split into two parts, with the shorter chain ending in "-oxy" and the longer retaining the original chain name.

Halogenoalkane and Carbon Chain Naming

Halogenoalkanes are named by the combination of the alkane name with the functional group name.
Common carbon chains include methane (1 carbon), ethane (2 carbons), propane (3), butane (4), pentane (5), and hexane (6).

Bond Types in Carbon Chains

"-ane" indicates only single bonds, while "-ene" signifies at least one double bond, and "-yne" denotes a triple bond.

Alkyl Naming Conventions

Alkyl groups are named by replacing "-ane" with "-yl".

Cycloalkanes

The prefix "cyclo-" denotes that the carbon forms a ring structure.

IUPAC Naming Steps

Identify the longest carbon chain and assign the appropriate suffix for bond types (ane, ene, yne).
Number functional groups to achieve the lowest possible numbers for branching.
Use numerical prefixes for multiple functional groups.
Organize functional groups in alphabetical order, disregarding numerical prefixes, with the chain name at the end.
If there’s a hydrocarbon within the functional group, the name ends with "-yl".

Naming Hierarchy

Prioritize naming based on functional group importance: Aldehydes, Carboxylic Acids, and Amides first; followed by Ketones; then double bonds; and lastly Alkyls, Halogenoalkanes, and Alcohols.

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Description

Test your knowledge on functional groups and the naming of organic compounds. This quiz highlights key terms such as aldehydes and ketones, providing a comprehensive overview of their definitions and characteristics.