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Questions and Answers
Which muscles are responsible for extending the hip joint?
Which muscles are responsible for extending the hip joint?
What action do the hamstring muscles perform at the knee joint?
What action do the hamstring muscles perform at the knee joint?
Which portion of the sciatic nerve innervates the short head of the Biceps Femoris?
Which portion of the sciatic nerve innervates the short head of the Biceps Femoris?
Which of the following muscles does not contribute to medial rotation of the leg?
Which of the following muscles does not contribute to medial rotation of the leg?
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What is the primary function of the Popliteus muscle?
What is the primary function of the Popliteus muscle?
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In which anatomical structure is the popliteal fossa located?
In which anatomical structure is the popliteal fossa located?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee during the initial stance phase of walking?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for stabilizing the knee during the initial stance phase of walking?
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What type of injury is most commonly associated with the hamstring muscles?
What type of injury is most commonly associated with the hamstring muscles?
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Which nerve roots are associated with the inferior cluneal nerves?
Which nerve roots are associated with the inferior cluneal nerves?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip extension and knee flexion?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip extension and knee flexion?
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What is the primary function of the ischial bursa?
What is the primary function of the ischial bursa?
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Which of the following structures is NOT considered part of the hamstring group?
Which of the following structures is NOT considered part of the hamstring group?
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Which hamstring muscle has its proximal attachment at the linea aspera?
Which hamstring muscle has its proximal attachment at the linea aspera?
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What is the anatomical location of the gluteofemoral bursa?
What is the anatomical location of the gluteofemoral bursa?
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Which muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity but does not insert on the tibia?
Which muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity but does not insert on the tibia?
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What is a common injury associated with the hamstring musculature?
What is a common injury associated with the hamstring musculature?
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The semitendinosus tendon inserts at which location on the tibia?
The semitendinosus tendon inserts at which location on the tibia?
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Which nerve primarily innervates the hamstring muscles?
Which nerve primarily innervates the hamstring muscles?
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Study Notes
Functional Anatomy of the Posterior Thigh
- The posterior thigh is organized into 3 compartments separated by intermuscular septa.
- The posterior thigh contains muscles that extend the hip and flex the knee. The hamstrings are a key muscle group in this region.
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Cluneal Nerves:
- Superior cluneal nerves are located above the iliac crest.
- Medial (middle) cluneal nerves are near the sacrum's midline.
- Inferior cluneal nerves are below the gluteus maximus inferior border.
- These nerves arise from either dorsal or ventral rami of the sacral spinal nerves.
Organization of the Thigh
- The thigh is categorized into anterior, medial, and posterior compartments.
- These compartments are separated by intermuscular septa.
- The posterior thigh muscles primarily extend the hip and flex the knee.
- The hamstring muscles are a significant component of the posterior thigh.
Bursa in the Region
- Bursae are located in areas prone to friction. They are lined with synovial membrane.
- Types of bursae in the posterior thigh region include:
- Ischial bursa: separates gluteus maximus from ischial tuberosity.
- Iliopsoas bursa: separates iliopsoas muscle from the joint.
- Trochanteric bursa: separates gluteus maximus from greater trochanter.
- Gluteofemoral bursa: separates iliotibial band from vastus lateralis.
Hamstring Musculature
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Semitendinosus:
- Originates from the ischial tuberosity.
- Inserts on the medial surface of the superior tibia (pes anserinus).
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Semimembranosus:
- Originates from the ischial tuberosity.
- Inserts on the posterior part of the medial tibial condyle.
- Also attaches to the oblique popliteal ligament (SMOP).
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Biceps Femoris:
- Long head: originates from the ischial tuberosity.
- Short head: originates from the linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur.
- Inserts distally into the lateral head of the fibula.
Bony Attachments of Muscles of Hip and Thigh
- The posterior thigh muscles have various origins on the ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, and lateral supracondylar line of the femur.
- They insert on various bony locations in the leg and thigh.
Popliteal Fossa
- A diamond-shaped depression in the posterior aspect of the knee.
- Superiorly bounded by the hamstring muscles.
- Inferiorly bounded by the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles.
- Posteriorly lined by skin and fascia.
- Anteriorly bounded by the surface of the femur and the oblique popliteal ligament.
Popliteal Fossa Contents
- The popliteal fossa houses popliteal arteries and veins (deeper structures).
- The lesser saphenous vein (superficial) is also present here as superficial structure.
- Nerves (e.g., tibial and common peroneal nerves, and sural nerves) are within the fossa.
- Lymph nodes and vessels are part of the popliteal fossa's vasculature.
- Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve innervates skin in the region.
Knee - Medial View
- Muscles that surround the knee joint are described.
- Bony landmarks and ligaments are identified on the medial aspect of the knee.
- Important anatomical structures like the oblique popliteal ligament are discussed.
Knee - Lateral View
- Muscles, ligaments and important anatomical structures of the knee are detailed on the lateral aspect of the knee joint.
Nerves
- Major nerves in the posterior thigh region, like the sciatic nerve, common fibular (peroneal) branch, and tibial branch are named within the context of structures of the posterior thigh.
- Plantaris muscle is discussed, with location and innervations.
- Sural nerves are mentioned.
Popliteus Muscle
- Popliteus is a muscle located in the popliteal fossa.
- Origin and insertion are described.
Plantaris Muscle
- Plantaris is a small muscle in the posterior compartment of the lower leg.
- Origin and insertion are detailed.
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Description
Explore the intricacies of the posterior thigh's anatomy, including its compartments and the key hamstring muscles. Understand the roles of the cluneal nerves and the significance of bursae in this region. This quiz is designed to test your knowledge of functional anatomy relevant to the posterior thigh.
