Function Areas by Dr. Hossam El Brashy

Auditory Association

• Located in the superior temporal gyrus
• Concerned with sound meaning

Occipital Lobe

• Visual Sensory Area (A17)
  • Located on the medial surface of the occipital lobe, in the lips of the post-calcarine sulcus (in the cuneus and lingual gyri)
  • Receives the visual radiation from the lateral geniculate body
• Visual Association Area (A18 and 19)
  • Surrounds A17 in the cuneus and lingual gyri
  • Concerned with the meaning of pictures

Sulci and Gyri on Lateral and Inferior Surface

Frontal Lobe

• Sulci
  • Precentral sulcus: anterior to central sulcus
  • Superior frontal sulcus
  • Inferior frontal sulcus
• Gyri
  • Precentral gyrus: lies between central and precentral sulci
  • Superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri
  • Inferior frontal gyrus is subdivided into:
    • Orbital part
    • Angular part
    • Opercular part

Parietal Lobe

• Sulci
  • Post-central sulcus: parallel to central sulcus
  • Intra-parietal sulcus: runs parallel to upper border, towards occipital lobe
• Gyri
  • Post-central gyrus: lies between central and post-central sulci
  • Superior and inferior parietal lobule
  • Supra-marginal gyrus: surrounds the posterior ramus of lateral sulcus
  • Angular gyrus: surrounds the end of superior temporal sulcus

Temporal Lobe

• Sulci
  • Superior temporal sulcus: parallel to lateral fissure
  • Inferior temporal sulcus: parallel to the superior temporal sulcus
• Gyri
  • Superior temporal gyrus
  • Middle temporal gyrus
  • Inferior temporal gyrus

Occipital Lobe

• Medial Surface
  • Main part of the occipital lobe is found on the medial surface
• Inferior Surface (Orbital Surface)
  • Olfactory sulcus: near medial border and parallel to it
  • Straight gyrus (gyrus rectus): lies medial to the olfactory sulcus
  • H-shaped orbital sulci: divided into:
    • Anterior orbital gyri
    • Posterior orbital gyri
    • Medial orbital gyri
    • Lateral orbital gyri

Medial and Tentorial Surface

• Corpus Callosum
  • Callosal sulcus: arches over the corpus callosum
  • Hippocampal sulcus: continuation of callosal sulcus on tentorial surface
• Sulci
  • Cingulate sulcus: ends by dividing into two branches:
    • Marginal sulcus
    • Sub-parietal sulcus
  • Calcarine sulcus: below the splenium, runs backwards and upwards to meet the post-calcarine sulcus
  • Post-calcarine sulcus: from the occipital to the calcarine sulcus
  • Parieto-occipital sulcus: 2 inches in front of the occipital pole
  • Collateral sulcus: from the occipital pole to the temporal pole
  • Occipito-temporal sulcus: lies lateral and parallel to the collateral sulcus
• Gyri
  • Cuneus: visual area, lies above the post-calcarine sulcus and behind the parieto-occipital sulcus
  • Lingual gyrus: lies between the calcarine and post-calcarine sulci and the posterior part of the collateral sulcus
  • Precuneus: medial side of the parietal lobe
  • Paracentral lobule: surrounds the upper end of the central sulcus, contains motor and sensory areas for the leg, foot, and perineum
  • Medial frontal gyrus: above the cingulate gyrus and in front of the paracentral lobule
  • Cingulate gyrus: lies between the cingulate and callosal sulci
  • Para-hippocampal gyrus and uncus: lies between the hippocampal and collateral sulci
  • Medial occipito-temporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus): lies between the collateral and occipito-temporal sulci
  • Lateral occipito-temporal gyrus: lies lateral to the occipito-temporal sulcus, represents the inferior temporal gyrus

Function Areas

Frontal Lobe

• Motor Area (A4)
  • Located in the precentral gyrus and anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface
  • Concerned with movements of the opposite half of the body (pyramidal tract)
  • Inverted position
• Premotor Area (A6)
  • Parallel to the motor area
  • Concerned with movements of the body except the eye (extrapyramidal area)
• Frontal Eye Field (A8)
  • Located in front of the premotor area
  • Concerned with movements of the eyes (pyramidal motor area)
• Broca's Area (A44)
  • Located in the inferior frontal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere
  • Concerned with movements of the tongue, lips, and vocal cords of the larynx
• Prefrontal Area
  • Most anterior part of the frontal lobe
  • Concerned with emotion, behavior, and problem-solving

Parietal Lobe

• Sensory Area (A3, 1, & 2)
  • Located in the postcentral gyrus
  • Concerned with sensations for the opposite half of the body
  • Inverted position
• Parietal Association Area (A5-7)
  • Remaining part of the parietal lobe
  • Concerned with understanding the meaning of sensations
• Supramarginal and Angular Gyri (Wernicke's Area)
  • Located in the parietal lobe
  • Concerned with understanding spoken or written words

Temporal Lobe

• Auditory Sensory Area (A41-42)
  • Located in the superior temporal gyrus
  • Concerned with sound reception
  • Receives the auditory radiation from the medial geniculate body

This quiz covers the function areas presented by Dr. Hossam El Brashy, including the frontal lobe areas responsible for motor control, premotor area, frontal eye field, and Broca's area. It tests knowledge on the different areas and their functions in the brain.