Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary advantage of using anisotropic 3D Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI) in imaging the Tommeliten field, North Sea, OBC?
What is the primary advantage of using anisotropic 3D Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI) in imaging the Tommeliten field, North Sea, OBC?
What is the primary purpose of using wide-angle postcritical arrivals in FWI?
What is the primary purpose of using wide-angle postcritical arrivals in FWI?
What is the primary limitation of diving waves in seismic data?
What is the primary limitation of diving waves in seismic data?
What is the primary advantage of using low-frequency seismic surveys in FWI?
What is the primary advantage of using low-frequency seismic surveys in FWI?
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What is the primary role of reflections, refractions, and diving waves in FWI?
What is the primary role of reflections, refractions, and diving waves in FWI?
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What is the primary application of anisotropic 3D FWI in the Tommeliten field, North Sea, OBC?
What is the primary application of anisotropic 3D FWI in the Tommeliten field, North Sea, OBC?
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What is the primary advantage of using RTM in FWI?
What is the primary advantage of using RTM in FWI?
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What is the primary limitation of using SNR in marine seismic data?
What is the primary limitation of using SNR in marine seismic data?
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What is the primary role of cost function optimization in FWI?
What is the primary role of cost function optimization in FWI?
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What is the primary advantage of using wave equation formulations in FWI?
What is the primary advantage of using wave equation formulations in FWI?
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Study Notes
FWI: Development and Challenges
- FWI has improved over time, but it is still an evolving technology that is not yet fully automatic.
- Despite its promises, FWI is still facing challenges and is not widely applied to land data.
- Elastic FWI is an emerging area of research.
- Uncertainty quantification is an important aspect of FWI, as seen in Liu et al.
FWI: Self Learning
- Resources for learning FWI include SEG Wiki, CGG, TGS, and Nature articles.
- Online resources provide detailed information on forward modeling, adjoint modeling, and optimization.
Seismic Profiles and Targets
- Continuous improvement in seismic profiles better delineates offshore targets and creates new drilling opportunities.
- Key faulting at a field level scale shows up in red boxes.
Objective Functions for FWI
- Measuring unknown delays through least squares is a key aspect of FWI.
- Ambiguity in delay estimation is a challenge in FWI.
FWI: Salt Velocity Estimation
- Initial models with and without salt were tested, and the results showed that FWI can estimate salt velocity.
FWI: Valhall, Low Frequencies, and Diving Waves
- Conventional tomography was compared to FWI, and the results showed that FWI performed better.
- FWI was able to image low frequencies and diving waves at Valhall.
FWI Resolution
- The question arises whether FWI resolution is what imaging really needs.
- Don't forget that uncertainty is an important aspect of FWI.
FWI Issues
- Initial velocity models can be a challenge in FWI.
- FWI issues can arise from initial velocity models.
Tommeliten Field, North Sea, OBC
- Warner et al. applied anisotropic 3D FWI to the Tommeliten field, North Sea, OBC.
- The results showed that FWI can image within and beneath the gas cloud.
Diving Waves
- Diving waves are sensitive to the detailed geometry and velocity structure within the gas cloud.
- Diving waves provide a means for FWI to image within and beneath the cloud.
Reflections, Refractions, and Diving Waves
- Kazei et al. discussed the role of reflections, refractions, and diving waves in full-waveform inversion.
Diving Waves: Limited Penetration
- Diving waves have limited penetration, as seen in the graph.
SNR in Marine Data
- Brenders et al. discussed the Wolfspar Field Trial, which showed results from a low-frequency seismic survey designed for FWI.
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Description
Test your knowledge of full-waveform inversion, a method used in seismology to create detailed images of the subsurface. This quiz covers various aspects of FWI, including Kirchhoff migration and cost functions.
