Full Coverage Crowns Overview

Definition and Purpose

• Full coverage crowns are restorations that completely cover the entire visible portion of a tooth.
• The purpose is to restore both the structural integrity and aesthetic appearance of a damaged tooth.
• They are used in a multitude of situations where traditional fillings are insufficient to address the damage.

Indications for Full Coverage Crowns

• Severe tooth decay that extends deep into the tooth structure, reaching the pulp.
• Significant loss of tooth structure due to trauma or advanced periodontal disease.
• Extensive dental fillings that are no longer structurally sound or cause functional problems.
• Root canal therapy: providing support for teeth that have undergone root canal treatment.
• Improving the aesthetic appearance of severely discolored or misshapen teeth.
• Enhancing the strength and durability of teeth requiring support due to significant attrition or abrasion.
• Correcting malocclusion (bad bite).
• Restoring fractured teeth or teeth with large cracks.
• Supporting a dental implant.

Materials Used for Full Coverage Crowns

• Porcelain fused to metal (PFM): a popular material combining the strength of metal with the esthetic properties of porcelain.
• All-ceramic crowns, often made of zirconia or lithium disilicate, offer a natural appearance and are biocompatible.
• Gold alloys are used for their strength and longevity but are not always the most esthetic option.

Types of Full Coverage Crowns

• Porcelain fused to metal (PFM): Made of a metal framework covered in a porcelain layer. Strong, durable, and relatively affordable, but the metal can sometimes show through.
• All-ceramic crowns (e.g., zirconia, lithium disilicate): Made entirely from ceramic materials. Offers a more natural appearance and improved biocompatibility compared to PFM. Zirconia is very strong, while lithium disilicate is more esthetic.
• Gold alloys: Highly strong and durable; often chosen for posterior (back) teeth due to aesthetic considerations.

Clinical Procedure for Full Coverage Crowns

• Initial examination and diagnosis: Critical to determine the need for a Full Coverage Crown.
• Preparation: The dentist shapes the tooth to accommodate the crown, removing damaged or decayed portions. This includes a precisely fitted margin that bonds and aligns with the gum line.
• Impressions: An accurate impression of the prepared tooth is taken to create the custom-made crown.
• Temporary crown placement: A temporary crown is placed while the permanent crown is fabricated. This protects the tooth and surrounding area.
• Crown fabrication: The laboratory creates the permanent crown based on the impressions.
• Try-in: A trial fitting of the crown to ensure proper fit and comfort.
• Cementation: The permanent crown is permanently bonded to the prepared tooth.
• Post-Treatment Follow-up: Monitor the crown's fit, function, and address any issues.

Advantages of Full Coverage Crowns

• Improved aesthetics: Often achieving a natural, healthy tooth appearance.
• Increased durability: Significantly increases the strength of a damaged tooth.
• Improved bite and function: Restores proper chewing ability.
• Preservation of remaining tooth structure: In many cases, the least amount of tooth reduction needed.
• Proper support of the tooth: Often provides improved support.

Disadvantages of Full Coverage Crowns

• Cost: Full coverage crowns can be expensive.
• Tooth preparation: Some tooth reduction is required, which can be considered an undesirable aspect.
• Potential sensitivity: Minor discomfort and sensitivity are possible after the procedure.
• Allergies: Rare instances of allergic reactions to materials like nickel in PFM crowns.
• Maintenance: Proper oral hygiene and regular check-ups are essential for long-term crown durability.
• Aesthetics: Some crown types may not bond perfectly, potentially creating visible gaps.

This quiz covers the definition, purpose, and indications for full coverage crowns in dentistry. Understand the situations where these restorations are necessary and their role in improving both the structural integrity and aesthetics of damaged teeth.