Fuel Sources for the Normal Heart and Ketone Bodies as Energy Source
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of Carnitine Acyl Transferase I (CAT-I) in cardiac muscle?

  • Facilitating transport of acyl-CoA into mitochondria
  • Regenerating acyl-CoA from acyl-carnitine in the mitochondrial matrix (correct)
  • Activating long-chain fatty acids to acyl-CoA
  • Inhibition by malonyl-CoA

    • Which of the following is TRUE regarding the fate of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA in cardiac muscle?

  • It is directly transported into the mitochondrial matrix without any modification
  • It can be converted to acyl-carnitine by CAT-I and transported into mitochondria (correct)
  • It is primarily used for the synthesis of phospholipids in the sarcolemma
  • It is primarily used for the synthesis of triglycerides

    • Which of the following statements is correct regarding the energy yield from the complete oxidation of a C16 fatty acid (palmitate) in cardiac muscle?

  • It generates 16 acetyl-CoA molecules, which produce 258 ATP through the TCA cycle and electron transport chain
  • It generates 16 acetyl-CoA molecules, which produce 64 ATP through the TCA cycle and electron transport chain
  • It generates 8 acetyl-CoA molecules, which produce 129 ATP through the TCA cycle and electron transport chain (correct)
  • It generates 8 acetyl-CoA molecules, which produce 64 ATP through the TCA cycle and electron transport chain

    • Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Increased plasma free fatty acid levels promote fatty acid oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a product of fatty acid beta-oxidation in cardiac muscle mitochondria?

    <p>NADH and FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of carnitine in cardiac muscle fatty acid metabolism?

    <p>To facilitate the transport of long-chain acyl-CoA into the mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in cardiac muscle during fasting or exercise?

    <p>Fatty acid oxidation is increased to meet the energy demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct regarding the entry of free fatty acids (FFAs) into cardiac muscle cells?

    <p>FFAs can enter cardiomyocytes through both passive diffusion and protein-mediated transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a product of fatty acid beta-oxidation in cardiac muscle mitochondria?

    <p>Oxaloacetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct regarding the intracellular pool of triglycerides in cardiac muscle?

    <p>It constitutes 10-30% of the fatty acids taken up by cardiomyocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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