Fuel Sources for the Normal Heart and Ketone Bodies as Energy Source
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of Carnitine Acyl Transferase I (CAT-I) in cardiac muscle?

  • Facilitating transport of acyl-CoA into mitochondria
  • Regenerating acyl-CoA from acyl-carnitine in the mitochondrial matrix (correct)
  • Activating long-chain fatty acids to acyl-CoA
  • Inhibition by malonyl-CoA

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the fate of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA in cardiac muscle?

  • It is directly transported into the mitochondrial matrix without any modification
  • It can be converted to acyl-carnitine by CAT-I and transported into mitochondria (correct)
  • It is primarily used for the synthesis of phospholipids in the sarcolemma
  • It is primarily used for the synthesis of triglycerides

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the energy yield from the complete oxidation of a C16 fatty acid (palmitate) in cardiac muscle?

  • It generates 16 acetyl-CoA molecules, which produce 258 ATP through the TCA cycle and electron transport chain
  • It generates 16 acetyl-CoA molecules, which produce 64 ATP through the TCA cycle and electron transport chain
  • It generates 8 acetyl-CoA molecules, which produce 129 ATP through the TCA cycle and electron transport chain (correct)
  • It generates 8 acetyl-CoA molecules, which produce 64 ATP through the TCA cycle and electron transport chain

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in cardiac muscle?

<p>Increased plasma free fatty acid levels promote fatty acid oxidation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a product of fatty acid beta-oxidation in cardiac muscle mitochondria?

<p>NADH and FADH2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of carnitine in cardiac muscle fatty acid metabolism?

<p>To facilitate the transport of long-chain acyl-CoA into the mitochondrial matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in cardiac muscle during fasting or exercise?

<p>Fatty acid oxidation is increased to meet the energy demands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the entry of free fatty acids (FFAs) into cardiac muscle cells?

<p>FFAs can enter cardiomyocytes through both passive diffusion and protein-mediated transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a product of fatty acid beta-oxidation in cardiac muscle mitochondria?

<p>Oxaloacetate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the intracellular pool of triglycerides in cardiac muscle?

<p>It constitutes 10-30% of the fatty acids taken up by cardiomyocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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