FTCE Reading K-12 Flashcards

Key Vocabulary in Reading and Literacy

• Ability Grouping: Students with similar instructional needs grouped together; groups change based on students' evolving needs.

• Phoneme: The smallest unit of speech that distinguishes one word from another.

• Independent Reading Level: A student's reading capability assessed at 95% accuracy in a text read independently.

• Grapheme: A written unit that represents a single phoneme; can be a single letter or a combination of letters.

• Morpheme: The smallest meaningful unit in a language’s grammar, e.g., prefixes, suffixes, or standalone words.

• Instructional Level: Reading ability indicated by an 85-95% accuracy rate, where students can read with teacher assistance.

• Action Research: A method where teachers conduct research in their own classrooms to evaluate their effectiveness and performance.

• Frustration Level: Reading capability characterized by an accuracy rate below 85%, indicating it's not suitable for students to read.

Theorists and Reading Concepts

• Marilyn Jager Adams: Identified five tasks for phonemic awareness, focusing on rhymes, oddity tasks, blending words, segmenting words, and phonics manipulation.

• Richard Allington: Known for research on reading disabilities and effective instructional strategies, emphasizing the importance of matching text to readers.

• Alliteration: A literary device where words share the same initial consonant sound, enriching phonemic development.

• Alphabetic Principle: Understanding that written words represent spoken language; often called graphophenemic awareness.

• Anchor Book: A key text in balanced literacy, repeatedly read to foster familiarity and inspire writing among students.

• Assonance: Repeated stressed vowel sounds in phrases, enhancing phonemic awareness.

• Nancy Atwell: Advocates for student ownership in writing and the importance of extended writing time; promotes mini-lessons rather than traditional assignments.

Assessment and Instruction Methods

• Authentic Assessment: Evaluation activities that mirror real-world skills and contexts relevant to students’ lives.

• Balanced Literacy Lesson Format: A structured approach for literacy lessons featuring a mini-lesson, small group work, and a sharing session.

• Behaviorism: A learning theory where behavior changes through conditioning, emphasizing environmental influence and reinforcement.

• Benchmarks: Expected standards for student learning and achievements established at various educational levels.

• BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills): Refers to the acquisition of second-language skills through direct interaction and communication.