Questions and Answers
What is Ability Grouping?
What is a phoneme?
The smallest unit of speech that can differentiate one word from another.
What defines a student's Independent Reading Level?
The level at which a student can read a text independently with 95% accuracy.
Define a grapheme.
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What is a morpheme?
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What is the Instructional Level?
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Define Action Research in education.
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What is Frustration Level in reading?
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Who is Marilyn Jager Adams?
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What is Richard Allington known for?
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What is alliteration?
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Explain the Alphabetic Principle.
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What is an Anchor Book?
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Define assonance.
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Who is Nancy Atwell?
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What is authentic assessment?
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Describe the Balanced Literacy Lesson Format.
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What does behaviorism in learning propose?
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What are benchmarks in education?
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What does BICS stand for?
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Study Notes
Key Vocabulary in Reading and Literacy
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Ability Grouping: Students with similar instructional needs grouped together; groups change based on students' evolving needs.
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Phoneme: The smallest unit of speech that distinguishes one word from another.
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Independent Reading Level: A student's reading capability assessed at 95% accuracy in a text read independently.
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Grapheme: A written unit that represents a single phoneme; can be a single letter or a combination of letters.
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Morpheme: The smallest meaningful unit in a language’s grammar, e.g., prefixes, suffixes, or standalone words.
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Instructional Level: Reading ability indicated by an 85-95% accuracy rate, where students can read with teacher assistance.
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Action Research: A method where teachers conduct research in their own classrooms to evaluate their effectiveness and performance.
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Frustration Level: Reading capability characterized by an accuracy rate below 85%, indicating it's not suitable for students to read.
Theorists and Reading Concepts
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Marilyn Jager Adams: Identified five tasks for phonemic awareness, focusing on rhymes, oddity tasks, blending words, segmenting words, and phonics manipulation.
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Richard Allington: Known for research on reading disabilities and effective instructional strategies, emphasizing the importance of matching text to readers.
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Alliteration: A literary device where words share the same initial consonant sound, enriching phonemic development.
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Alphabetic Principle: Understanding that written words represent spoken language; often called graphophenemic awareness.
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Anchor Book: A key text in balanced literacy, repeatedly read to foster familiarity and inspire writing among students.
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Assonance: Repeated stressed vowel sounds in phrases, enhancing phonemic awareness.
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Nancy Atwell: Advocates for student ownership in writing and the importance of extended writing time; promotes mini-lessons rather than traditional assignments.
Assessment and Instruction Methods
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Authentic Assessment: Evaluation activities that mirror real-world skills and contexts relevant to students’ lives.
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Balanced Literacy Lesson Format: A structured approach for literacy lessons featuring a mini-lesson, small group work, and a sharing session.
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Behaviorism: A learning theory where behavior changes through conditioning, emphasizing environmental influence and reinforcement.
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Benchmarks: Expected standards for student learning and achievements established at various educational levels.
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BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills): Refers to the acquisition of second-language skills through direct interaction and communication.
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