FSH and LH Hormone Reference Ranges

Questions and Answers

What is the karyotype associated with Turner's Syndrome?

47 (XXY)

45 (X0) (correct)

46 (XY)

46 (XX)

Which of the following is a common feature of Turner's Syndrome?

High set ears

Lymphodema (correct)

Hypergonadism

Tall stature

What is the primary genetic cause of Testicular Feminisation (AIS)?

Various genetic mutations on the X chromosome (correct)

Trisomy 21

Mutations in the SRY gene

45 (XO) karyotype

Which of the following is NOT a pituitary or hypothalamic cause of abnormal menstruation and infertility?

Ovarian tumours Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible ovarian cause of abnormal menstruation and infertility?

Polycystic ovary syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What stages show the highest hormonal activity?

Puberty Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary production site of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)?

Anterior pituitary Signup and view all the answers

How does oestrogen affect FSH and LH levels in women?

Suppresses FSH and stimulates LH Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone primarily increases plasma protein concentration?

Oestrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular weight of FSH?

34 kDa Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is the first step in steroidogenesis?

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical presentation of female gonadal dysfunction?

Infertility Signup and view all the answers

What hormone stimulates the maturation of a single ovarian follicle?

FSH Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is released mid-cycle that triggers ovulation?

LH Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What happens if implantation does not occur during the menstrual cycle?

The cycle begins again Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone shows a peak level shortly after Day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

FSH Signup and view all the answers

What hormonal change marks ovulation on Day 14?

Peak in LH Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical presentation is associated with excessive hair growth?

Hirsutism Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is commonly associated with amenorrhea in the context of weight-related issues?

Prolactin Signup and view all the answers

In the case of primary amenorrhea, what percentage is attributed to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism?

34% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypogonadotrophic primary amenorrhea?

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used for assessing dynamic function of the female reproductive system?

GnRH (LHRH) Test Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by raised LH and FSH levels in primary amenorrhea?

Turner's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common cause of secondary amenorrhea in non-pregnant women?

Premature menopause Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of hypothalamic secondary amenorrhea?

Low basal LH and FSH levels Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with a 17% cause of primary amenorrhea?

PCOS Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhoea?

PCOS Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common presentation of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

High SHBG Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence range of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?

1:2500 – 1:5000 Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme deficiency is commonly associated with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?

21-hydroxylase Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic marker is indicative of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?

Increased plasma 17 hydroxy progesterone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)?

Poor breast development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a cause of hirsutism?

Hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions typically involves early development of secondary sexual characteristics?

Precocious puberty Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reference Ranges (FSH and LH)

Reference ranges for FSH and LH hormones change according to developmental stage
Highest hormonal activity occurs at puberty, during the Tanner stage
In adults, hormonal levels remain stable in males and reflect the menstrual stage in females

FSH and LH

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinising Hormone) are glycoproteins produced by gonadotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary
FSH has a molecular weight of 34 kDa, while LH has a molecular weight of 28.5 kDa
Both hormones are under the influence of GnRH (pulsatile)

Oestrogen

Oestrogen is a steroid sex hormone with beneficial effects on bone mass
Oestrogen increases levels of HDL and VHDL, and plasma protein concentration
Oestrogen binds to proteins such as SHBG, Corticosteroid BG, and Thyroxine BG

Steroidogenesis

FSH and LH stimulate the production of oestrogens, which in turn suppress FSH in both sexes
Oestrogens stimulate LH production in women but suppress LH in men
Inhibin release causes negative feedback suppression of FSH in both sexes
Activin has the opposite action, stimulating FSH production
The steroidogenesis pathway involves 12 steps:
- 1. Cholesterol
- 1. Pregnenolone
- 1. 17a hydroxypregnenolone
- 1. Dehydroepiandrosterone
- 1. Progesterone
- 1. 17a hydroxyprogesterone
- 1. Androstenedione
- 1. 11 deoxycortisol
- 1. Testosterone
- 1. Cortisol
- 1. Aldosterone
- 1. Oestradiol

Female Gonadal Dysfunction

Clinical presentations of female gonadal dysfunction include:
- Menstrual disturbances (Oligomenorrhoea / Amenorrhea)
- Infertility
- Hirsutism / Virilism
- Vasomotor Instability / Mood swings
- Galactorrhoea
- A combination of the above
- Complications of pregnancy

Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle consists of 2 stages: Follicular and Luteal
The Follicular stage involves:
- FSH stimulating the maturation of a single ovarian follicle
- Ripening follicle secreting Inhibin and E2
- LH surge and ovulation
- Ovum enters fallopian tube
- Remaining cells form the corpus luteum
The Luteal stage involves:
- Corpus luteum secreting progesterone
- If implantation does not occur, progesterone secretion falls
- Cycle begins again

Turner's Syndrome

Karyotype 45 (X0)
Occurs in 1:2500-3000 live births
Characteristics include:
- Lymphodema
- Short stature
- Hypogonadism
- Low set ears
- Webbed neck
- Skeletal abnormalities
- Heart murmur

Testicular Feminisation (AIS)

Characterized by XY chromosome (male genotype) and androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)
Occurs in 1:20,000 live births
Can be complete or incomplete, resulting in varying degrees of sexual ambiguity

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Learn about the reference ranges for FSH and LH hormones, how they change according to developmental stage, and their hormonal activity during puberty and adulthood. Understand the role of these glycoproteins produced by the anterior pituitary.