FS 470 - Wine Appreciation Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the same species of yeast used in the making of wine, beer, distilled spirits, and bread?

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

What is the current per capita wine consumption in the US?

15 bottles per year (2.9 gal)

What percentage of the market do the four biggest US wine companies have?

75%

What are the three tiers in the 'three tier' wine market system?

Wineries - Wholesalers - Retailers Signup and view all the answers

Name some native American grape varieties.

Niagara - Catawba - Concord Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of red wine that provide color and taste?

Polyphenols and Acids Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of wine produced in the US comes from California grapes?

85% Signup and view all the answers

Name the world's largest wine-producing countries.

France - Italy - Spain Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of California's wine industry on the US economy?

$114 billion Signup and view all the answers

What comprises a wine's terroir?

Climate, soil, and other local factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of processing steps in traditional red wine production?

Destem/crush - ferment - press Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main techniques to extract color during red wine production?

Punching-down and pumping-over Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important consideration for successful wine grape growing?

Matching grape variety to vineyard site Signup and view all the answers

What grape disease is most relevant for winegrowers in Indiana?

Black Rot Signup and view all the answers

Where in the grape berry are color pigments found in red wines?

Skin Signup and view all the answers

What are essential steps in the wine processing after fermentation?

Aging - Filtering - Bottling Signup and view all the answers

Why is sulfur dioxide added to juice and wine?

Kill bacteria, bind acetaldehyde & inactive browning enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which states are the most important grape-producing states in the US?

CA - WA - OR - NY Signup and view all the answers

After 6,000 years, what possible wine residue can be found by archeologists?

Tartaric Acid Signup and view all the answers

When was national alcohol prohibition in the U.S. repealed?

1933 Signup and view all the answers

What is the federal agency that regulates US wine production and sales?

Tax and Trade Bureau Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'French Paradox' involve?

Lower rate of heart disease among the French despite their frequent consumption of wine and saturated fats Signup and view all the answers

How many calories does a 5 oz glass of dry red wine contain?

100 calories (kcal) - 15 grams' carbs Signup and view all the answers

What do the USDA's Dietary Guidelines for Americans define as moderate daily wine consumption?

Not more than two 5 oz glasses for men, one for women Signup and view all the answers

How many 5 oz glasses of wine should a 250-lb defensive end never drink before driving?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What must every wine bottle sold in the US bear a government warning label about?

Consumption during pregnancy and impairment of driving skills Signup and view all the answers

What are the chances of dying from heart disease vs. breast cancer?

10x higher Signup and view all the answers

What amount of wine is advised as safe to consume during pregnancy according to the American Academy of Pediatrics?

NONE Signup and view all the answers

Consumer preferences for wine may be related to what factors?

Experience with wine, genome and cultural upbringing Signup and view all the answers

How many wineries are there in Indiana today?

98 Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the 'father' of the Indiana wine industry?

John James (Jean Jacques) Dufour Signup and view all the answers

What enabled the modern Indiana wine industry?

Indiana Small Winery Act of 1971 Signup and view all the answers

What is Indiana's signature grape variety and wine?

Traminette Signup and view all the answers

What are good grape varieties to make Rosé wines from in Indiana?

Catawba, Frontenac Gris, Steuben Signup and view all the answers

What is Indiana's largest food and wine festival?

Vintage Indiana Signup and view all the answers

What is the economic impact of the Indiana wine industry?

$600 million Signup and view all the answers

What is the most popular and profitable summer wine style in Indiana?

Wine Slushies Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of wine consumers prefer slightly sweet wines?

60% Signup and view all the answers

What events have caused the biggest growth in the winery tour business?

Bachelorette parties Signup and view all the answers

What signified the 2018 growing season in Germany?

Record-breaking heat; early harvest Signup and view all the answers

What fungus is critical for German late-harvest wines known as Trockenbeerenauslesen?

Botrytis cinerea Signup and view all the answers

What are two of the best-known winegrowing regions in Germany?

Rheingau and Mosel (-Saar-Ruwer) Signup and view all the answers

What are the ripeness designators classified as 'Pradikate' in German QmP wines?

Kabinett, Spatlese, Auslese Signup and view all the answers

Why is grape growing successful in Germany despite its northerly climate?

Steep slopes along southern rivers Signup and view all the answers

What do the units Brix and Oechsle express?

Sugar Signup and view all the answers

What are the most important white and red grape varieties cultivated in Germany?

Riesling and Spatburgunder (Pinot Noir) Signup and view all the answers

What aromas would we expect from Alsatian Gewurztraminer?

Passionfruit and grapefruit Signup and view all the answers

Why is the German Riesling low in alcohol?

Fermentation was stopped Signup and view all the answers

How was the wine in the bottle likely aged: (Carl Graff, Mosel Riesling 2015)?

Stainless steel tank Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process to rapidly extract red color pigments from grapes?

Thermovinification Signup and view all the answers

What unique grape variety is used for the great wines of Rioja and Ribera del Duero?

Tempranillo Signup and view all the answers

How are Sherry and Port classified?

Fortified wines Signup and view all the answers

How is fermentation arrested in Port wine production?

Addition of high-proof brandy Signup and view all the answers

What results from the Solera system in sherry production?

Consistent blends Signup and view all the answers

What grapevine training system is most suitable for rainy climates?

High-wire trellis Signup and view all the answers

What appellation is located in the relatively rainy 'green' part of Spain?

Rias Baixas Signup and view all the answers

Which two Spanish appellations have the highest classification (DOCa)?

Priorato and Rioja Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the stone trough where Port wine grapes are crushed?

Lagar Signup and view all the answers

When is harvest time in Argentina?

Late February and March Signup and view all the answers

When did wine grapes first begin to be grown in Chile?

The 1550s Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of red and white wine produced in Italy?

50%/50% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Yeast and Wine Production

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae is the yeast species used in wine, beer, distilled spirits, and bread production.

Wine Consumption in the US

Current per capita wine consumption in the United States is approximately 15 bottles per year (2.9 gallons).
Four largest wine companies in the US control 75% of the market share.

Wine Market Structure

The "three tier" system includes wineries, wholesalers, and retailers.

Native Grape Varieties

American native grape varieties include Niagara, Catawba, and Concord.
California accounts for about 85% of the US wine production.

Global Wine Production

Top wine-producing countries in the world are France, Italy, and Spain.

Economic Impact

The California wine industry contributes $114 billion to the US economy.
The Indiana wine industry impacts the economy by approximately $600 million.

Wine Components and Production

Red wine color and taste come primarily from polyphenols and acids.
Traditional red wine production steps: destem/crush, ferment, press.
Essential post-fermentation steps include aging, filtering, and bottling.

Terroir and Grape Diseases

Terroir encompasses climate, soil, and local factors affecting wine.
Black Rot is a significant grape disease for Indiana winemakers.

Wine Regulations and Health Guidelines

The Tax and Trade Bureau regulates wine production and sales in the US.
Moderate daily wine consumption is defined as no more than two 5 oz. glasses for men and one for women.
The American Academy of Pediatrics advises against any wine consumption during pregnancy.

Consumer Preferences and Industry Growth

About 60% of wine consumers prefer slightly sweet wines.
Bachelorette parties are a significant driver of winery tour business growth.

Wine Regions and Appellations

Major winegrowing regions in California: North Coast, Central Valley, South Coast, Sierra Foothills, Central Coast.
In 2018, there were 242 AVAs (American Viticultural Areas) distinguished by unique geography.

Burgundy and Champagne Regions

Burgundy's top grape varieties are Pinot Noir and Chardonnay; prominent regions include Cote d'Or and Chablis.
Champagne uses a system categorizing dryness/sweetness and employs bottling for secondary fermentation.

German Wine Classification

German QmP wines classified by ripeness designators "Pradikate" such as Kabinett, Spatlese, and Auslese.
Riesling and Spatburgunder (Pinot Noir) are the most important grape varieties in Germany.

Fortified Wines and Other Regions

Sherry and Port are known as fortified wines, with Port production involving high-proof brandy.
Wine grapes have been grown in Chile since the 1550s, and Argentina's harvest occurs from late February to March.

Miscellaneous Facts

Tartaric acid is a wine residue found by archeologists after 6,000 years.
In Indiana, John James Dufour is known as the "father" of the local wine industry.
Most Indiana wineries flourish under the Indiana Small Winery Act of 1971.

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Description

Test your knowledge on wine appreciation with these flashcards from FS 470. Learn about yeast used in winemaking, current U.S. wine consumption, and major market players. Perfect for students and wine enthusiasts alike.