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From Colonies to Civil War
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From Colonies to Civil War

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What was the Spanish model of colonization?

  • The Crown ruling colonies with no autonomy and no input from the colonizers
  • The Crown ruling colonies with heavy government involvement in the economy
  • The Crown ruling colonies autonomously, with men comprising most of the colonies and taking native women as their wives (correct)
  • The Crown ruling colonies with a focus on converting natives to Christianity

    • What was the Encomienda system in the colonies?

  • A system that allowed for free trade between colonizers and Native Americans
  • A system that allowed colonizers to own land in the colonies
  • A system that tied Native Americans to land owned by colonizers (correct)
  • A system that allowed Native Americans to own land in the colonies

    • What was the Encomienda system in the colonial era?

  • A system that tied Native Americans to land owned by colonizers (correct)
  • A system that connected Christianity to native religions
  • A system of government ruling colonies autonomously
  • A system of trade between Europe and the Americas

    • What was the Encomienda system?

    <p>An economic colonial system tying Natives to land owned by colonizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the House of Burgesses?

    <p>The first colonial congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

    <p>A treaty that split the New World between Spain and Portugal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the House of Burgesses?

    <p>The first colonial congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Black Legend?

    <p>A ban on the use of enslaving natives in the colonies, causing Africans to be used instead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Coercive Acts?

    <p>Laws passed to punish colonists for resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?

    <p>To restrict colonies from having a free economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the English Reformation?

    <p>The creation of the Church of England by Henry VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Continental Congress?

    <p>A de facto government formed to define American grievances and develop a plan for resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Virginia Plan?

    <p>A plan of government presented at the Philadelphia Convention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was John Winthrop?

    <p>The first governor of New England who created the model of Christian charity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Coercive Acts?

    <p>To punish colonists for resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Fugitive Person's Clause in the Constitution?

    <p>A clause that required the return of escaped slaves to their owners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Navigation Acts?

    <p>A set of rules created in England to restrict colonies from having a free economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of Henry Clay's American System?

    <p>To protect manufacturing and stimulate the Northeast economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Rush-Bagot Treaty?

    <p>A treaty that limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes between the US and Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Treaty of Paris of 1783?

    <p>The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Rush-Bagot Treaty?

    <p>A treaty between the US and Britain that limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Sugar and Currency Acts?

    <p>Acts passed during the Revolutionary Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Separate Spheres Ideology?

    <p>An ideology that defined the roles of men and women in public and private spheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Separate Spheres Ideology?

    <p>An ideology that defined the roles of men and women in public and private spheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the Free-Soilers?

    <p>A coalition of wage earners, yeoman farmers, and immigrants who were against slavery but not abolitionist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Second Continental Congress?

    <p>A de facto government that printed money, engaged in foreign affairs, created a navy, strengthened militia, and hired George Washington</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Rush-Bagot Treaty?

    <p>A treaty that helped shape US foreign policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Civil War?

    <p>The North won and pushed the country into a full industrial revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Separate Spheres Ideology?

    <p>An ideology defining the roles of men and women in public and private spheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Metropolitan industrialization in the mid-1800s?

    <p>A process of urbanization and industrialization that led to the growth of cities and the expansion of industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Whig Party's stance on government involvement in the economy?

    <p>They supported industrial and commercial development and an activist government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Free Soil Party?

    <p>A coalition of wage earners, yeoman farmers, and immigrants who were against slavery but not abolitionist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Summary of American History

    I: The Colonial Era

    • Spanish colonization involved the Crown ruling colonies autonomously and men comprising most of the colonies.
    • The Columbian Exchange involved the exchange of goods between Europe and the Americas.
    • The Treaty of Tordesillas split the New World between Spain and Portugal.
    • The Encomienda system tied Native Americans to land owned by colonizers.
    • Syncretism involved connecting Christianity to native religions.
    • The House of Burgesses was the first colonial congress.
    • The English Reformation was a movement against the Catholic Church led by Martin Luther.
    • The Puritans were a group of Protestants who wanted to separate from the Church of England.
    • Mercantilism was an economic theory with heavy government involvement/stewardship in the economy.
    • Bacon's Rebellion marked the shift from indentured servants to African slaves in the colonies.
    • The Navigation Acts were a set of rules created in England to restrict colonies from having a free economy.
    • The Great Awakening was a religious revival in the colonies.

    II: Revolutionary Era

    • Real vs. Virtual Representation was a disagreement between colonists and the English over parliamentary representation.

    • The Revenue Acts, including the Sugar Act and Currency Acts, were passed to regulate trade in the colonies.

    • The Stamp Act required tax stamps on printed materials, which led to protests and boycotts.

    • The Townshend Acts taxed items imported from Britain and established vice-admiralty courts.

    • The Coercive Acts were passed to punish colonists for resistance.

    • The Continental Congress was formed to define American grievances and develop a plan for resistance.

    • The Second Continental Congress created a de facto government and hired George Washington.

    • There were three varieties of republicanism: classical, economic, and egalitarian.

    • The Patriots made up 2/5 of the population, while the Loyalists made up 1/3 to 2/5 of the population.

    • Major battles of the Revolutionary War included Lexington & Concord, Bunker Hill, and Saratoga.

    • The Treaty of Paris of 1783 ended the war and established the United States as a nation.

    • The Confederation Congress established a weak federal government with limited powers.US History Summary: From Northwest Ordinance to Era of Good Feelings

    • Northwest Ordinance of 1784 established a government for the NW territories and outlined the process for admitting a new state into the Union.

    • Bill of Rights, 1787, guaranteed freedom of religion, right to jury trial, no cruel or unusual punishment, and no slavery.

    • Mount Vernon Convention and Annapolis Convention lead to the Philadelphia Convention.

    • Shay’s Rebellion, an armed uprising, resulted in more delegates present at the Philadelphia Convention.

    • The Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, and Connecticut Compromise were presented as plans of government.

    • The 3/5 clause, Fugitive Person’s Clause, and Domestic insurrections clause were included in the Constitution.

    • Federalists, Classical Republicanism, and Antifederalists were the three political parties during the ratification period.

    • The Revenue Act, Madison’s beliefs in explicit government, and loose and strict interpretation of the Constitution were key events during Washington’s Cabinet and Hamilton’s plans.

    • The first party system was characterized by lack of grassroots organization and Hamilton’s fiscal policies divided congress from one party system to two.

    • The Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark Expedition, and African American Abolitionist Societies emerged during foreign affairs.

    • The War of 1812 was won by the US and ended with the Treaty of Ghent.

    • The Era of Good Feelings was marked by the end of the first party system, lack of partisan discord, and limits to how good you can feel.

    • The Panic of 1819 and Missouri Compromise were significant events during the Era of Good Feelings.

    • The industrial revolution was marked by the Boston Manufacturing Company, boarding houses for workers, and the outwork system for women.US History Summary

    • Henry Clay's American System: national bank, internal improvements, and Tariff of 1816 to protect manufacturing and stimulate the Northeast economy.

    • Marshall Court strengthened the power of the federal government and established judicial review through cases like McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden, and Dartmouth College v. Woodward.

    • Rush-Bagot Treaty, Adams-Otis Treaty, Convention of 1818, and Monroe Doctrine helped shape US foreign policy.

    • Panic of 1819 caused foreclosures and unemployment in both urban and rural areas due to changes in the market economy and immigration.

    • Separate Spheres Ideology emerged, defining the roles of men and women in public and private spheres.

    • Second Great Awakening led to religious revivals, social reforms, and the formation of new Protestant denominations.

    • Election of 1824 saw the emergence of the Democrats and National Republicans, with Adams proposing a strong nationalist policy.

    • King Andrew I, or Jackson, weakened the judicial and legislative branches, used the spoils system, ignored the Supreme Court decision in Cherokee/Worcester v. Georgia, and faced the Nullification Crisis.

    • Deposit Act of 1836, Compromise Tariff of 1833, and Jackson's veto of the recharter of the Second Bank of the US caused a land bubble and recession.

    • Election of 1832 saw Democrats denounce the Bank of the US and the South develop a new defense of slavery.

    • Indian Removal Act forced native relocations, and Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia established the Cherokee nation as a distinct political community.

    • Metropolitan industrialization, commercialization of farming, mechanization, and women's involvement in reformatory pamphlets shaped the economy and society.

    • Democrats supported pro-agriculture and states' rights, while Whigs supported industrial and commercial development and an activist government.Summary Title: The Road to the Civil War

    • The Democratic Party in the 1800s was in favor of an activist government and more likely to defend slavery.

    • They supported the creation of corporate charters, a national bank, and paper currency.

    • The party saw progress and perfectibility as important goals and drew support from both the North and South in the beginning, but eventually, their support became exclusive to the South.

    • They believed in the importance of the West and were committed to Indian removal.

    • The party believed that the government could help special interests if it promoted the general welfare, but they were against Congress creating corporate charters, a national bank, and paper currency.

    • They were worried about the "excesses of democracy" and preferred society to be ruled from the top down.

    • The party was against government involvement in moral and social reform, believing that "government that governs the best, governs the least."

    • The coalition that supported the Democratic Party included evangelical Protestants, African American New Englanders, and well-settled slave owners in the Upper South.

    • The Free Soil Party was a coalition of wage earners, yeoman farmers, and immigrants who were against slavery but not abolitionist.

    • The Republican Party was formed by antislavery Whigs and Democrats, Free-Soilers, and other reformers dedicated to keeping slavery out of the territories.

    • The Civil War was won by the North, which was more industrialized than the South and pushed the North into a full industrial revolution.

    • The North had a new national banking system with national bank notes, greenbacks, and an income tax, furthered the agricultural revolution, and invested in the transcontinental railroad system.

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    Test your knowledge of American history with this quiz covering the Colonial and Revolutionary Era, the Northwest Ordinance to the Era of Good Feelings, and the Road to the Civil War. From the Treaty of Tordesillas to the Louisiana Purchase, from the Panic of 1819 to the rise of the Republican Party, this quiz will challenge your understanding of key events, figures, and ideologies that shaped the United States. Whether you're a history buff or just looking to brush up on your knowledge, this

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