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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) after a disaster?

  • Leading rehabilitation and recovery efforts
  • Coordinating disaster risk management efforts
  • Providing medical care and starting rescue operations (correct)
  • Restoring vital access roads

Which organization is responsible for coordinating disaster risk management efforts?

  • National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC) (correct)
  • National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)
  • Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
  • Department of National Defense (DND)

What initiates the formation of a typhoon?

  • Strong winds reeling in moisture (correct)
  • Cool air converging in one location
  • Pressure buildup in the surrounding atmosphere
  • Warm water evaporating rapidly

What describes the 'eye' of the storm in a typhoon?

<p>A calm, low pressure area at the center (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) in disaster contexts?

<p>Leading rehabilitation and recovery efforts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a typhoon is characterized by the highest windspeeds and heavy rainfall?

<p>The eye wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which department is primarily responsible for disaster preparation and management?

<p>Department of National Defense (DND) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do rainbands in a typhoon refer to?

<p>The spiraling bands of clouds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Earth is the least dense?

<p>Continental crust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process occurring in the mantle that contributes to plate tectonics?

<p>Thermal convection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of the inner core of the Earth?

<p>Solid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which department is responsible for monitoring volcanic activity in the Philippines?

<p>Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant theory did Alfred Wegner propose in 1912?

<p>Theory of Continental Drift (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the mantle is primarily associated with thermal convection?

<p>Asthenosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization primarily provides weather forecasts and warnings in the Philippines?

<p>Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at mid-oceanic ridges?

<p>Partial melting of rocks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) during disasters?

<p>Ensure local government units are prepared (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

BFP

The Bureau of Fire Protection provides medical care, starts search and rescue operations after a disaster.

DPWH

The Department of Public Works and Highways restores and clears vital access roads, bridges, and reconstructs infrastructure.

NEDA

The National Economic and Development Authority leads rehabilitation and recovery efforts, and advocates for proper preparation to disasters.

NDRRMC

The National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council is responsible for coordinating disaster risk management efforts.

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DND

The Department of National Defense is involved in disaster preparation, management, and response.

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Typhoon Formation

A typhoon starts as a tropical storm. Strong winds reel in moisture, creating heat. This heat causes more air to move to the center and evaporate. The heat and air build up and create the eye of the storm.

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Eye of the Storm

The calm, low-pressure area in the center of the storm. It is about 20 to 40 kilometers in diameter.

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Eye Wall

The eyewall has the fastest winds, heavy rainfall, and turbulent clouds. Its rotation brings the typhoon's destructive power

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Earth's Crust

The outermost layer of Earth, composed of lighter rock material. It's divided into thicker, less dense continental crust and thinner, more dense oceanic crust.

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Earth's Mantle

The thickest layer of Earth, making up 80% of its volume. It's characterized by thermal convection, where hot rock rises and cooler rock sinks.

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Earth's Core

The densest and hottest layer of Earth, composed of a solid inner core and a liquid outer core.

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Continental Drift Theory

The theory explaining the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates, which interact slowly with the underlying mantle.

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What is Subduction?

The process where one tectonic plate slides beneath another, often leading to the formation of mountains and volcanoes.

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What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?

A region around the Pacific Ocean characterized by a high concentration of earthquakes and volcanoes, caused by tectonic plate interactions.

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What does PAGASA do?

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) provides weather forecasts and warnings, crucial for disaster preparedness.

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What is the role of PHIVOLCS?

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) monitors volcanic activity, earthquakes, and tsunamis, providing crucial information for disaster management.

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What is the role of DSWD in disasters?

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) provides immediate assistance to people affected by disasters, ensuring their basic needs are met.

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What is the role of DILG in disaster management?

The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) ensures that local governments have the resources and training to effectively manage disasters.

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Study Notes

Earth's Layers

  • The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth, composed of less dense rock material.
  • It's divided into two parts: continental (thicker, less dense) and oceanic (thinner, more dense).
  • Partial melting can make some crustal rocks less dense over time.
  • The mantle makes up 80% of Earth's interior.
  • Thermal convection is the cycle where heated rock rises, cools, sinks, and heats again.
  • Subduction is when a crustal plate slides beneath another.
  • The core is the densest layer with the highest temperatures and pressure.
  • The core is divided into an inner core (solid) and an outer core (liquid).
  • Temperatures range from 4000-7000°C in the inner and outer core respectively.

Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Mountain Ranges

  • The Pacific Ring of Fire is a zone with high earthquake and volcano activity.
  • It stretches across Alaska, Kuril, Japan, Mariana, and Philippine Trenches.
  • About 70% of the world's earthquakes occur in this area.
  • Earthquakes are common along plate boundaries.
  • Volcanic activity is often associated with plate boundaries.

Continental Drift Theory

  • Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1912.
  • The theory suggests that Earth's lithosphere is broken into plates.
  • These plates interact slowly with the underlying mantle.

Plate Movement Evidence

  • The continents have similar shapes and could have been joined at one point.
  • Matching fossils have been found on widely separated continents.

Geologic Activities

  • Seismic, volcanic, and geothermal activity show that plates are moving.
  • These activities related to plates colliding and moving cause ridges and mountain ranges.
  • Examples include the interactions of plates like the Eurasian and Indian plate forming the Himalayas.

Typhoon Damage Relief Organizations

  • The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) provides immediate assistance during disasters.
  • The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) ensures local governments have the resources to manage disasters.
  • The Philippine National Police (PNP) assists in providing assistance and enforcing evacuations.
  • The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) handles search and rescue.
  • The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) leads rehabilitation and recovery efforts.
  • The Department of National Defense (DND) prepares for disasters and manages responses.
  • The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Service (PAGASA) provides weather forecasts.
  • The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) monitors volcanoes and earthquakes.
  • The Department of Health (DOH) manages health facilities during disasters.
  • The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) restores infrastructure like roads and bridges.
  • The National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC) coordinates disaster management efforts.

Typhoons

  • Typhoons, hurricanes, and cyclones are large rotating storms bringing strong winds, heavy rains, and destruction.
  • They are caused by moisture and heat in the atmosphere.
  • Typhoons form from tropical storms and draw in moisture and heating the air causes it to spiral towards the center.
  • The eye of the typhoon is the calm, low-pressure area in the center.
  • The eyewall is the region surrounding the eye experiencing the strongest winds and rainfall.
  • Rainbands are spiraling clouds extending outward from the eyewall.

Tropical Cyclone Warning Signals

  • Different warning signals (e.g., Tropical Depression, Tropical Storm, Severe Tropical Storm, Typhoon, and Super Typhoon) are based on wind speed.

Heavy Rainfall Warning Signals

  • Yellow warning: 7.5-15 mm of rain. Flooding is possible.
  • Orange warning: 15-30 mm of rain. Flooding is threatening.
  • Red warning: More than 30 mm of rain. Serious flooding is likely.

Landforms and Typhoon Impacts

  • Mountain ranges can affect typhoon intensity, causing orographic lifting — increasing rainfall on the windward side but creating a rain shadow on the leeward side.
  • Archipelagic geography means typhoons passing through the Philippine Sea often impact many islands.
  • Low-lying coastal areas are vulnerable to flooding during typhoons.

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