Friction Ridge Skin and Fingerprint Collection

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Questions and Answers

What does Galton's classification system include?

Morphological descriptions of faces

Fingerprint patterns only

DNA sequencing methods

Lines with breaks and endings (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a feature of Galton's details?

Short ridge

Loop patterns (correct)

Enclosure

Bifurcation

Who was responsible for the first practical use of fingerprints in law enforcement?

Vucetich (correct)

I.W. Taber

Galton

Velasquez

What significant event involving fingerprints occurred in Buenos Aires in 1892?

Solving a murder using thumbprint evidence Signup and view all the answers

What method was used by the Director-General of the Post Offices in India in 1889?

Using thumbprints to track reemployment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a bifurcation in fingerprinting?

A ridge that splits into two separate paths Signup and view all the answers

What was the original purpose of I.W. Taber's proposal for thumbprints?

To identify Chinese immigrants Signup and view all the answers

What was Francisca Rojas's role in the murder case mentioned?

She was the victim Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of Herschel when he began his extensive study of friction ridge skin?

He was a magistrate responsible for law enforcement. Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in 1903 related to fingerprinting?

Will West was arrested and brought to prison. Signup and view all the answers

What significant document did Herschel write that outlined his ideas on fingerprinting?

The Hooghly Letter Signup and view all the answers

How did Henry Faulds first become interested in friction ridge skin?

By observing ridge detail on ancient pottery. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the experts that testified against Thomas Jennings?

Michael Evans, Edward Foster, Mary Holland, and William Evans Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of Inez Whipple's 1904 paper?

Mammalian palm and sole configurations. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main contributions of Herschel in the field of fingerprint identification?

He recorded fingerprints as a method of individualization. Signup and view all the answers

Which year did Herschel write the Hooghly Letter?

1877 Signup and view all the answers

What landmark contribution to fingerprinting did Mary Holland make?

She was the first American female instructor of fingerprinting. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the fingerprinting of inmates in Leavenworth prison in 1904?

The beginning of the U.S. Government’s fingerprint collection. Signup and view all the answers

What unique aspects of friction ridge skin did Herschel discuss in his writings?

Its permanence and uniqueness. Signup and view all the answers

What theory did Inez Whipple propose regarding mammalian evolution?

Friction ridge skin evolved from scaly skin. Signup and view all the answers

During which period did Faulds conduct his research on friction ridge skin?

1873 to 1885 Signup and view all the answers

Where did Faulds establish a hospital while working on his research?

Japan Signup and view all the answers

What technique was primarily utilized by Inspector Ferrier and Major McClaughry at Leavenworth prison?

Bertillon measurements and photography. Signup and view all the answers

In which year was Thomas Jennings convicted based on fingerprint evidence?

1910 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the work 'The Fingerprint Story' by G. Lambourne?

Historical accounts of fingerprinting Signup and view all the answers

In which publication was the '12 Point Rule' in fingerprint identification evaluated?

International Criminal Police Review Signup and view all the answers

Who authored the work discussing the first complete history of identification in the United States?

H.J. Myers II Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the case State v Johnson (1938) in the context of fingerprinting?

It established the legality of fingerprint evidence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following authors is associated with the legal evidence pertaining to fingerprints?

E. Locard Signup and view all the answers

What field does the publication 'Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie' primarily relate to?

Morphology and anthropology Signup and view all the answers

What topic did Xiang-Xin and Chun-Ge explore in their 1988 paper?

The historical use of hand prints in litigation Signup and view all the answers

What was stated in 'Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty' authored by M.M. Kline?

Philosophical implications of uncertainty in mathematics Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Director of the Laboratory of Police at Lyons, France?

Edmond Locard Signup and view all the answers

What does the theory of poroscopy relate to?

The use of fingerprints and sweat pores Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant conclusion made by Judge Beauchamp regarding fingerprints?

Fingerprints are unique and the burden of proof lies with the defense. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the research conducted by Edmond Locard on law enforcement?

It provided scientific support for the uniqueness of fingerprints. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about fingerprints according to Wilder and Wentworth?

The patterns of friction skin are individual and cannot be duplicated. Signup and view all the answers

What was combined on July 1, 1924, to establish the Identification Division in the U.S. Justice Department?

Large fingerprint collections from Leavenworth and other prisons. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence did Judge Beauchamp require the defense to provide in his ruling?

Proof that fingerprints do not uniquely identify individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Which publication includes the statement on the patterns of friction skin being individual?

Wilder and Wentworth's book. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Contributions of Sir William Herschel

Recognized identification potential of friction ridge skin in preventing fraud while serving as a magistrate in Bengal (1860).
Promoted widespread fingerprint recording as a means of identification during his tenure at Hooghly (1877).
Authored the "Hooghly Letter" proposing broader adoption of fingerprint systems across regions (August 15, 1877).

Henry Faulds and Early Research

Intrigued by ridge patterns on pottery found on a Japanese beach, prompting a deep interest in friction ridge skin (1880).
Opened a hospital in Japan, where he conducted research and collected prints from both monkeys and humans to analyze ridge characteristics.

Pioneering Fingerprint Classification

Francis Galton developed a classification system for fingerprints including minutiae like bifurcations, endings, short ridges, and enclosures (1892).
Identification systems further advanced by Hans Gross and others in various countries.
Juan Vucetich implemented practical fingerprint classification in Argentina, utilizing it for criminal identification.

Notable Cases and Legal Recognition

The first murder case solved using thumbprint evidence occurred in Buenos Aires in 1892, leading to broader acceptance of fingerprints in forensic investigations.
The Leavenworth prison began systematic fingerprinting in America, cementing the use of fingerprints in prisoner identification.

Advancements in Ridgeology and Forensic Science

Inez Whipple’s landmark work detailed the evolution of friction ridge skin, marking critical progress in fingerprint science (1904).
Edmond Locard advanced the field through his theories on poroscopy, demonstrating the importance of sweat pores in fingerprint comparison (1914).

Legal Precedents and Challenges

Thomas Jennings was convicted based on fingerprint evidence in 1910, establishing judicial reliance on fingerprint analysis.
The court upheld that uniqueness of fingerprints warranted burden of proof on the defense to prove prints were shared among individuals, solidifying their validity in law.

Development of National Fingerprint Record Systems

By 1924, the U.S. Government established a comprehensive fingerprint identification system by combining various records from prisons.
The FBI's involvement in disaster identification highlighted the utility of fingerprints beyond criminal records.

The Role of Science in Law Enforcement

Research efforts highlighted the permanent and unique nature of fingerprint characteristics, with foundational studies laying the groundwork for modern forensic practices.
Scientific validation of fingerprints addressed legal concerns, ensuring they were recognized as reliable forensic evidence.

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Description

This quiz explores the fascinating history and science behind friction ridge skin and its significance in fingerprint collection. Examining key figures and methodologies, participants will learn about the evolution of fingerprinting from the 19th century onwards. Join us in uncovering the complex world of biometric identification.